Determination of Trace Water Content in Petroleum and Petroleum Products

Abstract

Measurement of water in petroleum and petroleum-based products is of industrial and economic importance; however, the varied and complex matrixes make the analyses difficult. These samples tend to have low amounts of water and contain many compounds which react with iodine, causing Karl Fischer titration (KFT) to give inaccurate, typically higher, results. A simple, rapid, automated headspace gas chromatography (HSGC) method which requires modified instrumentation and ionic liquid stationary phases was developed. Measurement of water in 12 petroleum products along with 3 National Institute of Standards and Technology reference materials was performed with the developed method. The range of water found in these samples was ∼12-3300 ppm. This approach appeared to be unaffected by complicated matrixes. The solvent-free nature of the HSGC method also negates the solubility limitations which are common with KFT.

Mechanically Robust Nanofibrous Xerogel Membrane for One‐Pass Removal of Trace Water in Oil

“…Fuel oil or gasoline, in particular, is the energy source for the internal combustion engine powered vehicles. Fuel is ineluctably poisoned by water due to the condensation of atmospheric moisture, compounded by loose management during transport and storage, which might be a crucial contributor to system failure . Although there are increasingly rigorous criteria on the maximum water content in fuel (200 ppm for diesel, and 500 ppm for biodiesel according to ASTM D1744 and D6751 standards, respectively), the requirement is extremely high in practical application .…”

“…Fuel is ineluctably poisoned by water due to the condensation of atmospheric moisture, compounded by loose management during transport and storage, which might be a crucial contributor to system failure. [1,2] Although there are increasingly rigorous criteria on the maximum water content in fuel (200 ppm for diesel, and 500 ppm for biodiesel according to ASTM D1744 and D6751 standards, respectively), the requirement is extremely high in practical application. [3] Numerous strategies have been developed to remove water in oil based on the water existence state, gravity, and centrifuge separations (useful for free water), coalescing filters (applied for dispersed water with drop size less than 100 µm), free/thaw and chemical demulsification, while limited with expensive costs as well as unsatisfying separation captured by steep surface energy gradient, even smaller than the mesh pore size.…”

Uranyl tris nitrato as a luminescent probe for trace water detection in acetonitrile

“…In this regard, many researchers have attempted to develop techniques based on luminescent probes, optical sensors, voltmeter, nano-fibres and chromatography to determine low water content in organic solvents. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The basis of luminescent probes for sensing water is to observe any change in luminescence lifetime, intensity and peak positions. Yao et al reported a luminescent Eu-DMSO complex for water measurement.…”

“…Thus, the development of alternative methods that are simple and convenient is always a challenge for the analyst. In this regard, many researchers have attempted to develop techniques based on luminescent probes, optical sensors, voltmeter, nano‐fibres and chromatography to determine low water content in organic solvents . The basis of luminescent probes for sensing water is to observe any change in luminescence lifetime, intensity and peak positions.…”

Determining the Optimal Conditions for the Catalytic Hydrogenation of a Mixture of Tian Shan Coal and a Wide Fraction of Heavy Oil Residues with an End-Boiling Point of 300°C

“…Due to the increasing need for petroleum products and the cost of extraction and transportation of oil and environmental measures, the search for new approaches to the production of various liquid fuels remains relevant [6,7]. Synthetic oil is produced by direct hydrogenation of solid and heavy hydrocarbon feedstock [8][9][10].…”