Determination of trace heavy metals in harvested rainwater used for drinking in Hebron (south West Bank, Palestine) by ICP-MS

Malassa, Husam; Al‐Rimawi, Fuad; Al‐Khatib, Mahmoud A.; Al-Qutob, Mutaz

doi:10.1007/s10661-014-3904-5

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A few studies have been conducted worldwide related to the detection of heavy metal concentrations in harvested rainwater, particularly including the selected heavy metals in this study [15,20,41].…”

Section: Comparison Of Heavy Metals Concentrations With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Palestine, limited studies have been conducted for detection of heavy metal levels in the polluted rainwater harvested in cisterns. In a study conducted by Malassa et al [20], two remarkable findings were discovered during analysis of different trace heavy metals in 44 rainwater harvesting samples. These samples were collected in the western part of Hebron.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Health Risk Associated with Some Trace and Some Heavy Metals Content of Harvested Rainwater in Yatta Area, Palestine

Al‐Khatib

Arafeh

Al-Qutob

et al. 2019

Water

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Rainwater is considered a dependable source for domestic purposes within rural areas in Palestine. Harvested rainwater stored in cisterns is used to leverage deficits from municipal water supplies. Harvested rainwater in areas surrounded with industrial and agricultural activities is usually contaminated with heavy and trace metals. To study the effects of human exposure to heavy and trace metals, 74 harvested rainwater samples of rain-fed cisterns were collected from different localities in the Yatta area of Palestine in the months of January and February of 2016. The water samples were analysed for Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, K, Na, Ag, Li, Co, Ba, Bi, Sr, Ga, V, Rb, Mo, Beand Tl elements utilizing ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). The selected trace metals were found within the concentration limits of the acceptable values, in accordance with WHO and Palestinian standards, except for K and Al, which were found above the allowed limits. The potential risks of the selected trace metals on the health of the local residents, as well as the possible sources of such heavy metals, were also studied. The Chronic daily intake (CDI) of each metal and health risk indexes (HRI) were calculated for both adults and children residents. The oral ingestion pathway was studied, including exposure via drinking water. The values for CDI were found in the descending order of: Ca > Mg > Na > K > Sr > Fe > Al > Ba > Li > V > Rb > Ag > Mo > Ga > Co > Bi > TI > Be. The values of HRI were below 1 for most of the selected heavy metals, expect for Li for children, indicating potential health risk. The study also predicted that the local residents have a higher chance of developing cancer in their lifetime, especially children, with respect to the carcinogenic risk (CRing) values for Na, Mg, Al, Ba, K, Ca, Fe and Sr, which were greater than standardized limits (>10−6). The rest of the selected elements were within the acceptable limit in the five different studied locations. Furthermore, univariate, multivariate and statistical analysis depending on one-way ANOVA, inter-metal correlation, cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) results revealed that geogenic and anthropogenic activities were major sources of drinking water contamination by heavy metals in the Yatta area.

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Section: Comparison Of Heavy Metals Concentrations With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Health Risk Associated with Some Trace and Some Heavy Metals Content of Harvested Rainwater in Yatta Area, Palestine

Al‐Khatib

Arafeh

Al-Qutob

et al. 2019

Water

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“…Each sample was analyzed three times, and the results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the three results was calculated and found to be less than 5% for all of the samples for all of the elements analyzed in this study, reflecting the precision of the method for the analysis of these trace elements [25]. All of the chemical analyses were carried out at the Aquatic and Aquaculture Research Laboratory and Environmental Research Lab at Al-Quds University in Palestine.…”

Section: Hydrochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 70%

The Influence of Karst Aquifer Mineralogy and Geochemistry on Groundwater Characteristics: West Bank, Palestine

Jebreen

Banning

Wohnlich

et al. 2018

Water

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This work reports, for the first time, the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of karst aquifers in the Central West Bank (CWB) catchment in Palestine. It provides an integrated study approach by correlating the geochemistry of the lithology and hydrochemical data of groundwater samples. Mineralogical analysis showed that all of the samples were dominantly composed of either calcite CaCO 3 (5-100 wt. %) or dolomite CaMg(CO 3) 2 (4-100 wt. %), with minor amounts of quartz and feldspar, which is supported by the inorganic carbon content (9-13 wt. %) and hydrochemical composition of the spring water samples. The whole-rock geochemical data indicated that the samples have low contents of trace elements and transition metals. In contrast, the concentrations of alkaline earth elements (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) and Mn were high in the rock and groundwater samples. Generally, the trace elements of rock samples with concentrations >10 ppm included Sr (17-330 ppm), Mn (17-367 ppm), Ba (2-32 ppm), W (5-37 ppm), Cr (3-23 ppm), Zn (1.7-28 ppm), V (4-23 ppm), and Zr (1-22 ppm), while the concentrations of all the other trace elements was below 10 ppm. Ionic ratios and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) suggested that the chemical evolution of groundwater was mainly related to the geogenic (rock-water) interaction in the study area. This is clear in the alkaline earth elements (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) ratios, especially regarding the Sr values. The calcite rock samples had higher Sr (mean 160 ppm, n = 11) than those of the dolomite rocks (mean 76 ppm, n = 9).

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“…According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Pb, Cd, As, and Ni are classified as highly toxic to humans. Table 3 Ionic ratios among measured ions Concentrations of these metals can also be found in rainwater, and are emitted to the atmosphere from metal smelters and waste processing plants, but mining and industrial activities also play a significant role in increasing the concentrations of these metals in the environment (Morais et al 2012;Malassa et al 2014;Chubaka et al 2018). High concentrations of heavy metals deposited into common sources of drinking water, such as lakes and streams.…”

Section: Assessment Of Ecological Risks and Potential Effects Of Incrmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk of cross-border pollution and the influence of regional climate on the rainwater chemistry in the Southern Carpathians, Romania

Keresztesi

Niţă

Bîrsan

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The aim of this study is the assessment of rainwater composition, regarding the various sources of major ions and heavy metals, taking into account the characteristic atmospheric circulations and the main air mass transport routes. Rainwater samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, major ions, and heavy metals. At all sampling sites, the most abundant anions were SO 4 2ā nd Clˉ, while the dominant cations were Ca 2+ and Mg 2+. Regarding heavy metals, the dominance of Pb and Cd was found. The contribution of soil dust from the mining activities and the dissolution of CaCO 3 , MgCO 3 , and CaSO 4 •2H 2 O in the rainwater explains the high concentrations of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and SO 4 2−. The overall precipitation contamination with heavy metals at the three sampling sites was assessed by the degree of contamination, showing that Pb and Cd presents the highest risks of all heavy metals. The values of toxicity potential suggested an elevated risk for human health in case of rainwater ingestion, especially in rural areas. Spearman correlation and PCA indicated that the chemical characteristic of the rainwater is primarily controlled by sources such as agricultural activities, mixed and crustal sources, traffic, and other anthropogenic, industrial influences, mining activities, smelting operations, coal combustion, and metal production.

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Determination of trace heavy metals in harvested rainwater used for drinking in Hebron (south West Bank, Palestine) by ICP-MS

Cited by 33 publications

References 11 publications

Health Risk Associated with Some Trace and Some Heavy Metals Content of Harvested Rainwater in Yatta Area, Palestine

Health Risk Associated with Some Trace and Some Heavy Metals Content of Harvested Rainwater in Yatta Area, Palestine

The Influence of Karst Aquifer Mineralogy and Geochemistry on Groundwater Characteristics: West Bank, Palestine

The risk of cross-border pollution and the influence of regional climate on the rainwater chemistry in the Southern Carpathians, Romania

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