Determination of trace fluoroquinolones in water solutions and in medicinal preparations by conventional and synchronous fluorescence spectrometry

Abstract

Simple, rapid and sensitive and synchronous fluorescence spectrometry (SFS) were developed for determination the fluoroquinolones of ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR) and enrofloxacin (ENR) separately in water solutions and in medicinal preparations. The optimized wavelength intervals between the emission and excitation wavelengths were 170 nm, 160 nm and 170 nm for CIP, NOR and ENR, respectively. The different experimental parameters affecting the synchronous fluorescence intensities of the three fluoroquinolones were carefully studied. Under the optimal conditions, good linearity was obtained over the range of 0.01 to 1.20 mg/L, 0.005 to 0.45 mg/L and 0.005 to 0.60 mg/L for the CIP, NOR and ENR, and with good relative standard deviations below 1.9% (n=9). In addition, the detection limits for CIP, NOR and ENR were 0.17 μg/L, 0.013 μg/L and 0.055 μg/L, respectively. What is more, compared with the conventional fluorescence spectrometry, the SFS could detect lower concentrations of each fluoroquinolone. Moreover, the proposed SFS were validated and successfully applied for the quantitative assay of each fluoroquinolone in medicinal preparations.

Fiberoptic-Coupled Spectrofluorometer with Array Detection as a Process Analytical Chemistry Tool for Continuous Flow Monitoring of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics

“…Linear range (μg·mL − 1 ) Detection limit (μg·mL − 1 ) Spectrofluorometric [65] 0.02-2.2 0.006-0.016 HPLC-UV [89] 0.15 to 5 0.04-0.08 HPLC [57] 0.003-1.3 0.001 HPLC-fluorescence [90] 0.005-0.1 0.0005-0.005 Capillary electrophoresis [83] 5-20 1.1 and 2.4 Chemiluminescence [77] 1.98 × 10 − 9 0.003-7 HPLC-PDA [91] 0.1-10 0.03 Spectrophotometric [72] 0.5-25 0.084 HPLC [92] 0.0005-1 0.00007 is method 0.25-20 0.035-0.093 International Journal of Analytical Chemistry substances on the proposed method for the determination of ciprofloxacin.…”

“…Fluoroquinolones are among the most important antibacterial agents which were developed in the 80s and are now widely used in medicine and veterinary medicine [49]. erefore, several analytical procedure has been reported for determination of fluoroquinolones including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62], spectrophotometry [63], fluorimetry [64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73], flow-injection based on chemiluminescence [74][75][76], chemiluminescence [77,78], terbium-sensitized luminescence [79], solid-phase spectrofluorimetry [80,81], capillary electrophoresis [82,83], convenient magnetic solid-phase extraction procedure coupled with capillary electrophoresis [84], solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [85], liquid-liquid microextraction [86], polarography [87], and colorimetry [88] But, there is no report for application of PAT or PAC for online monitoring of fluoroquinolones.…”

Adsorption of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics at the Gas–Liquid Interface Using Ionic Surfactants

“…Ciprofloxacin (CF) is one of the most widely used antibiotics in the FQ group: used in human, agricultural, and veterinary practices. Because of the indiscriminate use of the drug against common infectious symptoms, CF has been widely detected in surface water and groundwater. ,, This is mostly due to the release of untreated or partially treated pharmaceutical effluents directly into the waterbodies. The incomplete metabolism of the drug by target cells also contributes to the presence of antibiotic residues in untreated sewage waste …”

Silver nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence for sensitive determination of fluoroquinolones in water solutions

“…Thus, most of these drugs have led to a significant increase into the environment as prototypes or active metabolites in recent years. In addition, some experimental results demonstrated that these FQs might change the structures of microorganisms in the soil and aquatic environment, which eventually lead to drug resistant bacteria [19,20].…”