Determination of trace elements in high-purity copper by ETV-ICP OES using halocarbons as chemical modifiers

SUMMARY OF CONTENTS This review covers developments in 'Atomic Spectrometry'. It covers atomic emission, absorption, fluorescence and mass spectrometry, but excludes material on speciation and coupled techniques which is included in a separate review. It should be read in conjunctionwith the other related reviews in the series. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Sample introductionThis section covers developments in sample introduction for all instrumental methods. LiquidsLiquid sample introduction relates to methods wherein the sample is introduced into the instrument in the form of a liquid, such as through nebulization or into a thermal vaporizer; whereas in vapour generation the sample is initially in the form of a liquid but is converted to a vapour prior to introduction into the instrument. Sample pre-treatment.A general review of on-line preconcentration for ICP-MS has been published by Das et al. 7 , covering solid phase methods and including 63 references. Several reviews of sample pretreatment methods used for atomic spectrometry are worth noting because they focus on specific areas: Kocurova et al. 8and Jain and Verma 9 have reviewed advances in DLLME (53 references) and SDME (407 references) respectively; Zhao et al. the same authors studied the stability of the labelled complexes at different pH and temperature, and when subject to separation using LC. They reported a significant decrease in stability when LC separation was used, and some degradation at 37 °C compared to 2 °C.Li et al. An immunoassay-linked method using gold nano-particles has been developed by Jarujamrus et al. 33 . In this approach the monoclonal antibody-chloramphenicol was attached to a solid support. Antigen-chloramphenicol was labelled with gold nano-particles (10 nm) at pH 9.5, attached to a bovine serum albumin protein and mixed with unlabelled antigenchloramphenicol, which was then added to the antibody-chloramphenicol. for U and Th respectively in water samples.

Section: Arc and Spark DC Arc Methods Have Been Used For The Direct Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic spectrometry update: review of advances in atomic spectrometry and related techniques

Evans

Pisonero

Smith

et al. 2018

“…Depending on the sample matrix, aqueous standards and spiked reference materials can give identical calibration curves 49 for all analytes of interest, or just for a few. 11 Even for one same matrix, varying behavior of different analytes is possible. 50 Also slight variations in matrix (i.e., different types of polymers) can require the one or the other calibration approach.…”

Section: Signal Quantitation Repeatability and Detection Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solid sampling techniques in combination with ICP-OES or ICP-MS have therefore been employed for the direct analysis of advanced materials, circumventing the problems associated with sample dissolution. Such sampling techniques include slurry nebulization (SN), 9,10 electrothermal vaporization (ETV), 11,12 and laser ablation (LA). 13,14 Briey, SN 15,16 and ETV 17,18 are widely used for the direct analysis of powdered materials, and allow the use of aqueous calibration standards for signal quantication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using this solid sampling approach, it is also possible to use distinctly larger sample masses (e.g., signicantly above a few milligrams). 11,47 Although larger sample intakes allow to improve sensitivity, the presence of elevated levels of bulk material might lead to increased matrix effects.…”

Section: General Principle and Possibilities For Sample Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvements in the direct analysis of advanced materials using ICP-based measurement techniques

Limbeck

Bonta

Nischkauer

2017

“…35,37 Furthermore, halogenating agents as gaseous phase modiers are commonly used for the determination of low volatile forms of analytes or for carbideforming analytes which react with modiers and form volatile halides that can be efficiently evaporated. 41 The aim of our work was to investigate the applicability of ETV-ICP-OES for the analysis of plastic materials to monitor the contents of additives in these materials. 39,40 Mostly, reactive halocarbons are added to the transport gas stream.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct multi-element analysis of plastic materials via solid sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy

Börno

Richter

Deiting

et al. 2015

In this work the determination of Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe and Sb as organic and inorganic additives in in-house plastic materials (ABS, LDPE) using electrothermal vaporization combined with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy is described. The influence of CCl 2 F 2 as gaseous halogenation modifier was investigated. Especially for the carbide forming elements the sensitivity was improved and the memory effects were significantly reduced. Calibration was performed by external calibration and standard addition with aqueous standard solutions added directly into the sample boats. Absolute limits of detection (3s-criterion) range between 0.1 ng (Cd) and 9 ng (Fe) which corresponds to relative values of 0.1 mg kg À1 and 1.6 mg kg À1 , respectively, taking 5 mg as typical sample mass. The detection limits are sufficient to monitor the element contents of plastic materials according to European directives such as European directive on the safety of toys. The developed ETV-ICP-OES method allows a fast analysis with a high sample throughput (3 minutes per analysis), low sample consumption and good trueness and precision for the analyzed elements. Sample preparation is reduced to ashing the samples in a muffle furnace. Furthermore, measurements are possible regardless of the chemical form in the additives. For verification the results obtained with the developed method were compared with measurement results of independent methods ICP-MS/OES after digestion. In addition Cd, Cr and Pb were determined in a solid plastic reference material BAM-H010 to confirm the applicability and accuracy of the method.