Determination of trace elements in petroleum by neutron activation analysis

Shah, K. R.; Filby, R. H.; Haller, W.A.

doi:10.1007/bf02513968

Cited by 80 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The AA method provides high sensitivity and the ability to determine a large number of elements (multielements) in one series of analysis. 4 Akaddmiai Kiad& Budapest successful development of AA is due to not only the availability of unique equipment (nuclear reactor WWR-K, isochronous cyclotron U-150), but also specialists experienced in analytical investigations. The analyses were performed using two instrument configurations, one: for short-lived radionuclides 9 and one for long-lived radionuclides.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cadmium ratio is 3.3. The time of sample transportation is 12 s. In the second configuration the samples were irradiated inside the vertical channel of the reactor during (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)h with the neutron flux = n.1013 n.cm 2.s 1 An induced activity was measured with the help of the gamma-spectrometer with semiconductor Ge(Li) -detector of coaxial and planar type. The elemental content was determined by the ratio of areas of peaks corresponding them in radiation spectra of samples analysed and compared.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nuclear-physical methods of analysis in oil geology and industry of Kazakstan

Solodukhin

1998

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Methods and results of elemental analysis of hydrocarbons performed by nuclear-physical methods are presented. It is shown that activation analysis (AA), X-ray fluorescent (XRF) analysis and atomic-emission spectroscopy with inductively-coupled plasma (AES-ISP) allow determination of up to 30 elements in oils and bitumens and up to 40 elements in petroleum cokes, in oil-bitumen rocks, in oil and coal shales. Presented are the results of scientific and practical applications of the developed techniques.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear-physical methods of analysis in oil geology and industry of Kazakstan

Solodukhin

1998

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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“…to identify the radionuclides present from their characteristic gamma-ray energies (7;8,9}, calculate net gamma-ray peak areas in sample and standard spectra and convert net peak areas to the appropriate elemental weights by direct comparison to known standards, thus calculating the concentration of elements in the original samples. by obtaining the interfering peak area from that of another peak of the interfering nuclide {e.g., 264.7 keV of 75 se and 889.3 keV of 46 sc) (7,8).…”

Section: Computation Of Analytical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Refined Coal (SRC) process: trace elements. Research and development report No. 53, interim report No. 31, August 1976-July 1977. Volume III. Pilot plant development work. Part 6. [Fate of 36 trace elements]

1980

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“…Data for mercury in crude oil originating in the field reported by Bloom (14) and data for the Cymric field (7,8,18) were excluded. It is readily acknowledged that the actual mean concentrations for crude oil from several sources are uncertain and could be an order of magnitude higher (or lower) than those used in Table 7.…”

Section: Estimate Of Mercury Emissions From Petroleummentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimate of Mercury Emissions to the Atmosphere from Petroleum

Sm¹

2001

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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An estimate of the contribution of mercury to the atmospheric environment from petroleum processed in the United States is constructed from recent data. The estimate is based on a mass balance approach for mercury in crude oil, in refined products, and in waste streams (air, water, solid waste) from refineries. Although there are insufficient data at present to have a high degree of confidence in the mean amount and range of mercury concentrations in crude oil or in refined products, the framework of the estimate should assist direction for the acquisition of additional data. On the basis of selected data that put the estimated mean concentration of total mercury in crude oil close to 10 ppb, it is calculated that the total amount of mercury in U.S. petroleum processed yearly is slightly over 8000 kg/yr. Of this amount, approximately 6000 kg/yr is estimated to be emitted to the atmosphere from combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuels, which represents about 10% of the U.S. yearly emission rate of atmospheric mercury from coal combustion. The material balance predicts that the amount of mercury in air emissions from all U.S. refineries is on the order of 1500 kg/yr based on the assumption that fugitive mercury emissions from refineries are negligible. Atmospheric emissions of mercury from fuel oil burned in the United States are estimated in the U.S. EPA Mercury Report to Congress to be approximately 10 000 kg/yr, and this estimate may be in error on the high side by a factor of 3−10. If the mean amounts of mercury in U.S. distillate and residual fuel oils are in the range of 5−15 ppb, as suggested by more recent data, then U.S. fuel oil combustion should contribute no more that about 1000−3000 kg/yr (emission ratio = 1) of mercury to the atmospheric burden.

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Determination of trace elements in petroleum by neutron activation analysis

Cited by 80 publications

References 8 publications

Nuclear-physical methods of analysis in oil geology and industry of Kazakstan

Nuclear-physical methods of analysis in oil geology and industry of Kazakstan

Solvent Refined Coal (SRC) process: trace elements. Research and development report No. 53, interim report No. 31, August 1976-July 1977. Volume III. Pilot plant development work. Part 6. [Fate of 36 trace elements]

Estimate of Mercury Emissions to the Atmosphere from Petroleum

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