Determination of trace azaarenes in water by gas chromatography and gas chromatography—mass spectrometry

Susceptibility of environmentally important heterocycles to chemical disinfection: reactions with aqueous chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and chloramine

“…The chloro products were found to parallel those observed when chlorination was carried out in organic solvents. Chlorine dioxide generated oxidation products (16)(17)(18)(19)) not incorporating chlorine (39). The structures of the products were confirmed by independent synthesis.…”

“…Sci. Technol., Vol. oxindole0 (M), 3; isatin0 (S), 4; isatonic anhydride0 (T), 5 3 (M); 4 (T) 3 (M); 4 (T) ; 5 (T) 3 (M); 4 (M); 5 (T); 3-chloroxindole (T), 6 3 (M); 4 (T); 3-chloroindole (S), 2 3 (M); 2 (S) 3-methyloxindole0 (M), 8; o-formamidoacetophenone0 (M), 10; monochloro-o-formamidoacetophenone (T), 12; 3-methyldioxindole0 (T), 9; o-aminoacetophenone0 (T), 11 8 (M); 10 (M); 9 (T); 11 (T) 8 (M); 10 (M); 9 (T); 11 (T) 8 (M); 10 (M); 9 (T); 11 (T) 8 (M); 10 (S); 9 (T); 11 (T) 8 (M); 9 (S) 3,3-dichloro-2-phenylindole°(M), 15; 3-chloro-2-phenylindole°( T), 14; 2-phenyl-3,l-benzoxazin-4(4H)-one°(T), 17 15 (M); 14 (M); 17 (T); 2-phenylindolenone (S), 16 17 (M); 16 (M); 2-hydroxy-2-phenylindoxyl (T), 18; obenzoylanthranilic acid0 (T), 19 17 (M); 16 (M); 18 (T); 19 (T) 14 (M) 14 tetrachlorocarbazole (T), 37 34 (S) (2 isomers); 35 (M) (4 isomers); 36 (S) (2 isomers); 37 (T) 34 (T); azaquinone (M), 38 34 (T); 38 (M) carbostyril (M), 40; monochloroquinoline (T), 41 40 (M); monochlorocarbostyril (T), 42; 41 (T); dichlorocarbostyril (T), 43 monohydroxyquinaldines (T), 45 (2 isomers); monochloroquinaldines (S), 47 (2 ring isomers); monochloroquinaldine (S), 46 (on the methyl group); trichloroquinaldine (T), 49; dichloroquinaldines (T), 48 (2 isomers) 45 (T); 47 (S) (2 isomers); 46 (S); 48 (S) (2 isomers); 49 (T); monochlorohydroxyquinaldine (T), 50 monochloroisoquinoline (T), 54; isocarbostyril (M), 52; monochloroisocarbostyril (T), 53 54 (M); 52 (M); 53 (T) 5(6ff)-phenanthridone°(M), 56 56 (M) 56 (M) 56 (M) 9(10íf)-acridone°(S), 58; monochloro-9(10íf)-acridone (M), 59; dichloro-9(10H)-acridones (S), 60 (2 isomers); trichloro-9(10H)acridone (T), 61 monochloroacridine (T), 61; 58 (S), 59 (M), 60 (S) (2 isomers); 61 (T) 58 (M) 58 (M) monochloro-4-azafluorene (T), 64 (2 iso mers); monohydroxy-4azafluorene (T), 65 64 (T); 65 (T) monohydroxy-5,6-be...…”

“…The concern over the detrimental nature of environmental polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) to health has recently been expanded to include their heterocyclic analogues (1)(2)(3)(4). Although the major focus of investigation has been the analysis of these heterocycles from effluents and residuals of energy-generating processes involving fossil fuels (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), azaarenes (16)(17)(18) and dibenzothiophene (19,20) have been observed in groundwater and surface waters and as constituents of particulates and sediments.…”

Carbamazepine Degradation by Photolysis and Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis

“…However, the detailed information of the degradation mechanism, such as by-product identification and mineralization, was not sufficient. Some carbamazepine by-products such as acridine (belonging to the azaarenes) are known to be both mutagenic and carcinogenic (Shinohara et al, 1983).…”

Characteristics of azaarenes and dioxins in gases emitted from waste incinerators

“…They have been found in environmental matrices such as ambient air, 4-9 lake 10 and marine 11 sediment, and seawater. 12 They are also found in stack gases from coal combustion, 13 automobile exhaust gases, 14,15 and gases released from natural gas combustion in home appliances. 16 With regard to waste incinerators, Benestad et al 17 analyzed quinoline and isoquinoline in fl ue gases from household waste combustion.…”