Determination of trace amounts of G-type nerve agents in aqueous samples utilizing “in vial” instantaneous derivatization and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Weissberg, Avi; Madmon, Moran; Elgarisi, Maor; Dagan, S.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.002

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This study was undertaken with an objective to develop a rapid, simple and convenient sample preparation procedure from organic extracts to remove hydrocarbon interferences as well as detect and identify trace levels of G‐type nerve agents. We investigated the possibility of extracting the G‐nerve agents into the aqueous phase in which derivatization of the G‐nerve agents is feasible as we previously reported to enable high sensitivity LC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The organic phase was extracted with water, and derivatization with 2‐DMAMP was performed prior to LC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis. The detection and identification of GB, GD, and GF after derivatization with 2‐DMAMP were performed by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS (MRM) in the positive ion mode with transitions from MH + to the two most abundant product ions . The hydrocarbon backgrounds were completely eliminated during the solvent exchange process because of the minimal partitioning between n ‐hexane/MTBE and water (for instance, the solubility of n ‐hexane in water is 0.001%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…D'Agostino et al reported the development of MS methods for the identification of CWAs at nanogram levels in dichloromethane extracts of spiked diesel exhaust environmental samples using GC‐chemical ionization (CI) MS 16 and the use of GC–MS/MS to eliminate chemical interferences . Several laboratories are working in this area to develop extraction and detection methods for the trace level identification of G‐nerve agents from various environmental matrices collected in the battlefield …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…V‐type nerve agents exhibit better sensitivity by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS in comparison to the G‐type nerve agents due to their higher proton affinity and, as a consequence, exhibit lower limits of detection (LODs) in LC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis. Recently, we reported a highly sensitive method for trace determination of G‐nerve agents in water and environmental matrices by derivatizing these agents with 2‐[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol (2‐DMAMP) prior to LC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis. This LC–MS‐based method enables sensitivity enhancement by several orders of magnitude compared with conventional GC‐EI‐MS analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of G‐nerve agents at picogram levels from complex organic samples containing hydrocarbon interferences by aqueous extraction, followed by derivatization and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis

et al. 2019

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The chromatograms obtained from the gas chromatography-electron ionization mass spectrometric (GC-EI-MS) analysis of extracts containing G-nerve agents in the presence of diesel, gasoline, etc., are dominated by hydrocarbon backgrounds that "mask" the G-nerve agents, leading to severe difficulties in identification. This paper presents a practical solution for this challenge by transferring the G-nerve agents from the organic phase into the aqueous phase using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), followed by derivatization with 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenol (2-DMAMP), allowing ultrasensitive LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of the G-derivatives. The proposed approach enables rapid identification of trace amounts of G-nerve agents with limits of identification (LOIs) at the pg/mL scale.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Identification of G‐nerve agents at picogram levels from complex organic samples containing hydrocarbon interferences by aqueous extraction, followed by derivatization and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis

et al. 2019

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“…Utilized in this experiment, GB and GF agents contain an electrophilic phosphorus center, while the fluorine moiety is often involved in hydrolysis reactions . Weissberg et al reported that such experiments in aqueous solutions have determined that 2‐[(dimethylamino)methyl] phenol (2‐DMAMP) rapidly derivatizes this phosphorus–fluorine bond . The application of 2‐DMAMP to the paper substrate, as a dopant chemistry, enabled the on‐substrate derivatization of applied G‐series agents as shown in Scheme .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On‐substrate derivatization for detection of highly volatile G‐series chemical warfare agents via paper spray mass spectrometry

Mach¹,

Dhummakupt²,

Carmany

et al. 2018

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry in Analysis of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention

Oyler

Maistros

Oyler

et al. 2020

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Liquid chromatography (LC) directly interfaced with mass spectrometry (MS) provides a highly specific and sensitive analytical technique for a wide range of target analytes ranging from small, semi‐volatile chemicals to large biopolymers like proteins, DNA, polar lipids, and carbohydrates. This makes it an important technique in the analysis of biomedical and environmental samples for chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and biological toxins. In LC, like gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), target analytes can be separated from other complex matrix components through chromatographic mechanisms prior to being introduced into a mass spectrometer for unequivocal identification and quantification. The advent of electrospray and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization made it possible to introduce molecules efficiently from the liquid or solid phase into the gas phase for mass spectrometric analysis. The advantage of LC over gas chromatography (GC) is that polar CWA degradation products and metabolites, protein toxins and biomarker adducts like organophosphate nerve agent (OPNA)‐protein adducts and sulfur mustard‐protein and DNA adducts can be readily resolved and isolated from complex matrices for mass spectrometric identification and quantification. The disadvantage to LC for this analysis is that there are many more variables involved in the efficient and robust chromatography, volatilization, and ionization of target analytes prior to introduction into the MS as compared to GC/MS, and there is, generally, a wider range of mass spectrometer types with differing capabilities directly interfaced with LC systems currently in use in laboratories making the establishment of reliable spectral libraries more difficult for these systems; individual laboratories can establish their own libraries based on specific instrumentation and specific method parameters provided they have authentic analytical standards for the target analytes of interest. That said, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MSMS) are a very important technique that every laboratory involved in the analysis of samples for CWAs, their degradation products and metabolites, and toxins should have in their arsenal in order to successfully address and complete this analytical mission. This article briefly describes method theory and recent method applications to the analysis of these compounds in biomedical and environmental samples which remain important to the international community because of their potential use as terrorist and warfare threats.

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Determination of trace amounts of G-type nerve agents in aqueous samples utilizing “in vial” instantaneous derivatization and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 17 publications

References 24 publications

Identification of G‐nerve agents at picogram levels from complex organic samples containing hydrocarbon interferences by aqueous extraction, followed by derivatization and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis

Identification of G‐nerve agents at picogram levels from complex organic samples containing hydrocarbon interferences by aqueous extraction, followed by derivatization and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis

On‐substrate derivatization for detection of highly volatile G‐series chemical warfare agents via paper spray mass spectrometry

Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry in Analysis of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention

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