Determination of total pentachlorophenol in the urine of workers

Drummond, I.; Roosmalen, P. B. Van; Kornicki, M.

doi:10.1007/bf00377828

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These methods typically employ some deconjugation step, a solvent or solid phase extraction, and analysis using GC-ECD, GC-MS or GC-MS/MS. 62,64,122,[175][176][177] Many of these methods measure PCP in conjunction with other chlorinated phenols. The LODs of these methods are in the low or sub mg/L range.…”

Section: Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomonitoring of exposure to pesticides

Barr¹

2008

J. Chem. Health Saf.

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Pesticides are widely used chemicals making human exposure to pesticides a realistic possibility. Biomonitoring is a common and useful tool for assessing human exposure to pesticides. For the past several decades, methods have been developed to measure a variety of pesticides in human urine or blood to evaluate exposures. Many of these methods have employed analytical techniques such as chromatography and mass spectrometry to accurately measure urinary metabolites or blood body burdens of several classes of pesticides. The pesticides assessed include the banned organochlorine pesticides, the more modern organophosphorus, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides along with a variety of herbicides including phenoxyacetic acids and triazines. These methods are capable of detecting concentrations in biological samples resulting from occupational exposures to pesticides, and in some instances, general background exposures from residential or dietary exposures. These data have been used for a variety of applications. They have documented the pervasiveness of pesticide exposures, have allowed us to determine the primary predictors of exposure in certain populations, have helped us to identify the most important pathways of exposure, and have helped us to better understand any potential risks associated with exposures. In addition, these methods have helped us to document poisoning cases and identify etiologic agents in crisis situations. We discuss the methods that have been employed over the last 40 years and how these methods have addressed critical public health questions.

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Section: Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomonitoring of exposure to pesticides

Barr¹

2008

J. Chem. Health Saf.

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“…Grab samples were collected on Thursda ys to reflect exposure over the previou s several weeks with some influence due to recent daily fluctuations, since estimates of the excretion halftimes of tetra-and pentachlorophenate vary from severa l da ys to about two months (14). All the samples were collected in silanized amber jars (15).…”

Section: Measurement Of Chlorophenate Expo Surementioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of exposure estimates by worker raters and industrial hygienists.

Teschke¹,

Hertzman²,

Dimich‐Ward³

et al. 1989

Scand J Work Environ Health

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R. A comparison of exposure estimates by worke r rater s and industrial hygienists. Scand J Work Environ Health 1989;15:424-429. The validit y and reliabilit y of nine senior sawmill workers' estimates of frequency, duration, and route s of exposure were compared with individual workers' ratin gs of their own job titles and industrial hygienists' ratings of all job titles in the plant. T he reliability of the senior workers' mean exposure estimat es [group intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.71] compared favo ra bly with tho se of three pairs of hygienists (group ICC =0.57, 0.1\7, and 0.81). The validity of their rat ings was assessed in a comparison with urinary chlorophenate measurements representing 92 % of the job titles in the sawmill. The senior workers ' ratings [coefficient of determination (R') = 0.22] resembled those of two pairs of industrial hygienists (R' = 0.24, 0.22) and was significantly greater than that of the third pair (R' = 0.08). The validity of the self-reports was also low (R, ' = 0.15), but the dif ference was not statistically significan t. Senior workers' exposure rat ings appear to be as effective as the other methods tested .

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“…All samples were collected in silanized wide-mouth amber glass jars to minimize the effects of photo-decomposition and adsorption to the sides of the container [Drummond et al, 19821. Extractions and analyses were based on methods developed for total penta-and tetrachlorophenates [Drummond et al, 1982; Workers' Compensation Board of B.C., 19841, using acid hydrolysis, extraction with toluene, and quantification using a Varian 6000 gas chromatograph with an electron capture detector. Specific gravity was also measured to indicate if any samples were unusu- ally dilute or concentrated.…”

Section: Phase 2: Urine Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and reliability of a method for retrospective evaluation of chlorophenate exposure in the lumber industry

Hertzman

Teschke

Dimich‐Ward

et al. 1988

American J Industrial Med

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This paper describes the validity and reliability of a method to retrospectively assess exposure to antisapstain agents used in sawmills (chlorophenates). The method is based on experienced workers' estimates of exposure for each job title at the sawmill where they work. At a pilot mill, 10 randomly selected workers estimated the frequency and duration of exposures to chlorophenates for all 59 job titles. The reliability of their mean exposure estimates was very high, with an intraclass correlation coefficient for all raters of 0.91 (based on a calculated index of exposure). To assess validity, urinary chlorophenate levels were measured for 86% of the workers at the mill during the summer and/or fall, and compared to experienced workers' estimates of exposure. The correlation between workers' exposure estimates and the urinary chlorophenate levels for each job title were consistently above 0.65 for all analyses and greater than 0.72 when summer and fall urine sample results were averaged. The evidence indicates that the validity and reliability of worker exposure estimates are high enough to justify investigation of the method's generalizability to other sawmills.

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Determination of total pentachlorophenol in the urine of workers

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Biomonitoring of exposure to pesticides

Biomonitoring of exposure to pesticides

A comparison of exposure estimates by worker raters and industrial hygienists.

Validity and reliability of a method for retrospective evaluation of chlorophenate exposure in the lumber industry

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