Determination of total chromium in environmental water samples

Parks, Jeffrey; McNeill, Laurie S.; Frey, Michelle; Eaton, Andrew; Haghani, Ali; Ramirez, Lisa; Edwards, Marc

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2004.04.024

Cited by 50 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The water samples were collected in polyethylene bottles of 1 L and preserved in the refrigerator until further analysis. In separate bottles of 100 mL, similar samples which had undergone a 45 nm filtering, have been collected [55]. …”

Section: Sampling Campaignmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the methods that we used were suggested by the relative protocols in compliance with the instructions of the instruments and the requirements of the methodologies. The samples were analyzed for Cr (VI) no later than 24 h after the samples' collection as suggested by the relative protocol [55]. For Cr (VI) and Fe tot , special spectrophotometers were used.…”

Section: Major Chemistry and Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aspects of Hexavalent Chromium Pollution of Thebes Plain Aquifer, Boeotia, Greece

Koilakos

2017

Water

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Abstract:The present work focuses on the environmental problem of Thebes Plain-since considerable amounts of Cr (VI) have been reported-and tries to find out the reasons of such a phenomenon and the sources of the pollution. For this issue, a complete chemical analysis of 20 samples from the study area was conducted as well as an isotopic analysis of Cr and Sr isotopes. Hexavalent chromium pollution can be triggered by human pollutant activity or specific geological environments. Stable Cr isotopic analysis gave δ 53 Cr positive values in several samples which supports the second hypothesis, but the limitations of that theory do not allow safe conclusions in all cases. Nitrates and Sr ratios suggest fertilizer contamination and the presence of SiO 2 -leaching of silicate rocks.

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Section: Sampling Campaignmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Major Chemistry and Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of Hexavalent Chromium Pollution of Thebes Plain Aquifer, Boeotia, Greece

Koilakos

2017

Water

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“…Samples for the analysis of chromium(III) were collected in 500-mL containers after filtration and stored at 4 • C under dark conditions (Sacher et al 1999;Whalley et al 1999). For chromium(VI) analysis, samples were collected separately in 500-mL containers and the sample pH increased to >8 by adding 1 mol L −1 NaOH (APHA-AWWA-WEF 1998; Parks et al 2004). The samples were kept in ice boxes and transported into the laboratory and stored at 4 • C until analysis.…”

Section: Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In environmental water samples containing iron and Cr, typical of groundwater samples, there is a possibility of underestimating total chromium (particulate + dissolved) due to the sorption and fixation of Cr(VI) on and into Fe(OH) 3 colloids, leading to incomplete Cr(VI) recovery (Parks et al 2004). In such cases, hydroxylamine hydrochloride digestion is required to solubilize Fe(OH) 3 as Fe(II) and release Cr(VI).…”

Section: Fixed Cr(vi) On and Into Fe(iii) Colloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium speciation in groundwater of a tannery polluted area of Chennai City, India

Kumar

Riyazuddin

2009

Environ Monit Assess

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Chromium speciation in groundwater of a tannery polluted area was investigated for the distribution of chromium species and the influence of redox couples such as Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Mn(IV)/Mn(II). Speciation analysis was carried out by ammonium pyrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC)-methylisobutylketone (MIBK) procedure. The groundwater samples were analyzed for Cr(III), Cr(VI), and Cr(III)-organic complexes. The APDC could not extract the Cr(III)-organic complexes, but HNO3 digestion of the groundwater samples released the Cr(III)-organic complexes. The groundwater of the area is relatively oxidizing with redox potential (Eh) and dissolved oxygen (DO) ranged between 65 and 299 mV and 0.25 and 4.65 mg L(-1), respectively. The Fe(II) reduction of Cr(VI) was observed in some wells, but several wells that had Fe(II)/Cr(VI) concentrations more than the stoichiometric ratio (3:1) of the reduction reaction also had appreciable concentration of Cr(VI). This could partly be due to the oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) by DO. It appears that the occurrence of Mn more than the Fe(II) concentration was also responsible for the presence of Cr(VI). Other reasons could be the Fe(II) complexation by organic ligands and the loss of reducing capacity of Fe(II) due to aquifer materials, but could not be established in this study.

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“…Chromium is released into the environment by several industrial activities, such as: steel mills, electroplating, tanning, chemical manufacturing, pulp and paper manufacturing, wood preservation, dyes, ceramics, textiles, and coal beneficiation among others. (Lofrano et al, 2013;Sharma & Adholeya, 2011;Gayathri & Senthil Kumar, 2010;Stasinakis et al, 2003;Kotás & Stasicka, 2000;Selvi et al, 2001;Adriá-Cerezo et al, 2000;Parks et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium Extraction by Microemulsions in Two- And Three-Phase Systems

Melo

Dantas

Moura

et al. 2015

Braz. J. Chem. Eng.

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-Microemulsion systems were used to remove chromium from an aqueous solution obtained from acid digestion of tannery sludge. The systems were composed by: coconut oil soap as surfactant, 1-butanol as cosurfactant, kerosene as the oil phase, and chromium solution as the aqueous phase. Two-and three-phase microemulsion extraction methods were investigated in the experiments. Viscosity, effective diameter of the droplets, and extraction and re-extraction efficiencies were evaluated for each system. Two-and three-phase systems showed small variations in droplet diameter, which can be attributed to the formation of micellar structures. Chromium recovery efficiencies for the studied systems were over 96%. The re-extraction step showed that the stripping solution used can release more than 96% of the chromium from the microemulsion phase. Experimental results confirm that chromium can be recovered efficiently using microemulsion systems.

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Determination of total chromium in environmental water samples

Cited by 50 publications

References 11 publications

Aspects of Hexavalent Chromium Pollution of Thebes Plain Aquifer, Boeotia, Greece

Aspects of Hexavalent Chromium Pollution of Thebes Plain Aquifer, Boeotia, Greece

Chromium speciation in groundwater of a tannery polluted area of Chennai City, India

Chromium Extraction by Microemulsions in Two- And Three-Phase Systems

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