Determination of total arsenic and arsenic species in drinking water, surface water, wastewater, and snow from Wielkopolska, Kujawy-Pomerania, and Lower Silesia provinces, Poland

Abstract

Arsenic is a ubiquitous element which may be found in surface water, groundwater, and drinking water. In higher concentrations, this element is considered genotoxic and carcinogenic; thus, its level must be strictly controlled. We investigated the concentration of total arsenic and arsenic species: As(III), As(V), MMA, DMA, and AsB in drinking water, surface water, wastewater, and snow collected from the provinces of Wielkopolska, Kujawy-Pomerania, and Lower Silesia (Poland). The total arsenic was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and arsenic species were analyzed with use of high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC/ICP-MS). Obtained results revealed that maximum total arsenic concentration determined in drinking water samples was equal to 1.01 μg L−1. The highest concentration of total arsenic in surface water, equal to 3778 μg L−1 was determined in Trująca Stream situated in the area affected by geogenic arsenic contamination. Total arsenic concentration in wastewater samples was comparable to those determined in drinking water samples. However, significantly higher arsenic concentration, equal to 83.1 ± 5.9 μg L−1, was found in a snow sample collected in Legnica. As(V) was present in all of the investigated samples, and in most of them, it was the sole species observed. However, in snow sample collected in Legnica, more than 97 % of the determined concentration, amounting to 81 ± 11 μg L−1, was in the form of As(III), the most toxic arsenic species.

Arsenic quantification techniques and ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation in Brazil

“…One study presented a lower LOQ when using solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled to ET AAS, obtaining 0.006 μg L -1 in the determination of As(III) and As(V), but it should be noted that other species were not determined (Hassanpoor et al 2015). Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with ICP MS, Liu e Cai (2013) obtained values between 0.13 and 1.66 μg L -1 , Komorowicz and Barałkiewicz (2016) between 0.22 and 0.39 µg L -1 and Cheng et al (2018) between 3.00 and 5.90 μg L -1 for the determination of As III, As V, MMA, and DMA. Where in addition to the previous species, Komorowicz and Barałkiewicz (2016) also determined AsB and Liu and Cai (2013) quantified ROX and AsA.…”

“…Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with ICP MS, Liu e Cai (2013) obtained values between 0.13 and 1.66 μg L -1 , Komorowicz and Barałkiewicz (2016) between 0.22 and 0.39 µg L -1 and Cheng et al (2018) between 3.00 and 5.90 μg L -1 for the determination of As III, As V, MMA, and DMA. Where in addition to the previous species, Komorowicz and Barałkiewicz (2016) also determined AsB and Liu and Cai (2013) quantified ROX and AsA. Akter et al (2005) used HG AAS and obtained between 0.33 and 0.63 μg L -1 for determination of As III and DMA.…”

Atomic Spectrometry Update: review of advances in elemental speciation

“…However, the osmolality adjusted sum of urinary iAs species, As III and As V , and their metabolites, MMA and DMA, was found to strongly correlate with private drinking water As, indicating private water supplies as the dominant source of iAs exposure in the study population of private water supply users. The concentration of total As, As III , As V , MMA, DMA, and AsB in drinking water, surface water, wastewater, and snow collected from the provinces of Wielkopolska, Kujawy-Pomerania, and Lower Silesia in Poland have been reported 42 . The total As was determined by ICP-MS, and As species by HPLC-ICP-MS.…”

Development of a Conceptual Framework Depicting a Childs Total (Built, Natural, Social) Environment in Order to Optimize Health and Well-Being

“…For example, green space in urban areas can improve air quality, regulate climate conditions, reduce noise pollution from traffic, provide a sense of community and kinship, and increase a neighborhood's economic value [25,[60][61][62] . The natural environment also includes exposure to naturally-occurring chemical stressors such as arsenic in groundwater [63][64][65][66][67] and ionizing radiation from bedrock [68] .…”