Determination of tobacco-specific<i>N</i>-nitrosamines in urine of smokers and non-smokers

Kavvadias, Dominique; Scherer, Gerhard; Cheung, Francis; Errington, Graham; Shepperd, Jim; McEwan, Michael

doi:10.3109/13547500903242883

Cited by 45 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Several others include, NNK, NNN, NNN-glucuronide, NNAL-N-glucuronide, NNAL-O-glucuronide, N′-nitrosoanabasine (NAB), NAB-glucuronide, N′-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), and NAT-glucuronide (44–46). NNAL is particularly advantageous as a biomarker of exposure because it is completely tobacco-specific and has a long half-life in biological fluids, around 10–45 days (47, 48).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure: Summary of an FDA-Sponsored Public Workshop

Chang

Edwards

Arab

et al. 2017

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

110

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since 2009, the United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) has had the authority to regulate the manufacturing, distribution, and marketing of tobacco products in order to reduce the death and disease caused by tobacco use. Biomarkers of exposure pertain to actual human exposure to chemicals arising from tobacco use and could play an important role across a number of FDA regulatory activities, including assessing new and modified risk tobacco products and identifying and evaluating potential product standards. On August 3–4, 2015, FDA/CTP hosted a public workshop focused on biomarkers of exposure with participants from government, industry, academia, and other organizations. The workshop was divided into four sessions focused on: 1) approaches to evaluating and selecting biomarkers; 2) biomarkers of exposure and relationship to disease risk; 3) currently-used biomarkers of exposure and biomarkers in development; and 4) biomarkers of exposure and the assessment of smokeless tobacco and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). This paper synthesizes the main findings from the workshop and highlights research areas that could further strengthen the science around biomarkers of exposure and help determine their application in tobacco product regulation.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure: Summary of an FDA-Sponsored Public Workshop

Chang

Edwards

Arab

et al. 2017

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

110

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With the exception of the samples collected for carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), samples were processed and stored at −20°C pending biomarker analysis. Biomarkers of exposure were assessed for the following tobacco-specific HPHCs: nicotine, N -nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 15 and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK); as well as the following tobacco-related HPHCs: 1,3-butadiene, 2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl, carbon monoxide, acrylonitrile, acrolein, benzene, pyrene, and o-toluidine (o-tol) (Supplementary Table 1). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Exposure to Harmful and Potentially Harmful Smoke Constituents With the Tobacco Heating System 2.1

Lüdicke

Baker

Magnette

et al. 2016

NICTOB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction:Heating rather than burning tobacco reduces levels of harmful and potentially harmful constituents, and consumer products using this approach aim to reduce exposure to tobacco toxicants. The Tobacco Heating System (THS) version 2.1 has been enhanced from earlier prototypes with an improved heat control and sensorial experience and thereby user acceptance. Exposure measurements are required to determine whether it may be possible to reduce the individual health risk compared to smoking combustible cigarettes (CCs).Methods:This controlled clinical study randomly assigned 40 smokers to either a group continuing to use of their own CC brand (n = 20) or a group switching to THS 2.1 (n = 20) for 5 days. Biomarkers of exposure were measured at baseline and on day 1 through day 5. Product consumption, Human Puffing Topography, the occurrence of adverse events, and an assessment of subjective effects, such as smoking satisfaction and enjoyment of respiratory tract sensations, were also determined.Results:The group of smokers who switched to THS 2.1 adapted their puffing behavior initially through longer puff duration and more puffs. During the duration of the study, total puff volume returned to baseline levels and the mean daily product consumption increased but with similar nicotine exposure compared to baseline CC use. Biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke toxicants which inform product risk assessment were significantly reduced with THS use compared to the CC group. THS 2.1 users experienced less reinforcing effects with THS 2.1 than with their own cigarette brand.Conclusions:THS 2.1 is a promising alternative to smoking CCs. Notwithstanding possible use adaption through consumption or puffing behavior, the exposure to harmful smoke constituents was markedly reduced with the new heated tobacco platform.Implications:Exposure markers to harmful and potentially harmful smoke constituents were lowered with the THS 2.1. Heating tobacco instead of burning can offer a potentially lower risk of delivering nicotine compared to CCs.

show abstract

“…Total tobacco-specific nitrosamine (TSNA) concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) according to Kavvadias et al (2009). Samples were enzymatically hydrolyzed with b-glucuronidase (type IX-A from Escherichia coli) prior to analysis of four analytes: 4-methyl-N-nitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (total NNAL) [a metabolite of 4-methyl-N-nitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)], N-nitrosonornicotine (total NNN), N-nitrosoanatabine (total NAT), and N-nitrosoanabasine (total NAB).…”

Section: Biomarker Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption patterns and biomarkers of exposure in cigarette smokers switched to Snus, various dissolvable tobacco products, Dual use, or tobacco abstinence

Krautter

Chen

Borgerding

2015

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objectives of this clinical study were to evaluate changes in tobacco product use behavior and levels of selected biomarkers of exposure (BOEs) for smokers who switched to one of six conditions during clinical confinement: exclusive use of; Camel Snus, Sticks, Strips or Orbs, controlled Dual use of cigarettes and Camel Snus, or tobacco abstinence. The controlled Dual use (DU) condition mandated a 60% reduction in cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). 167 healthy U.S. male and female smokers were randomized to the six groups (n=25-30/group). Subjects smoked their usual brand of cigarette for 1 day prior to switching to their designated intervention condition. Levels of thirty-two BOEs in plasma, whole blood, urine and feces were determined before and after switching. Questionnaires that scored nicotine dependence and withdrawal discomfort were also administered. After 5 days, exclusive Snus, Sticks, Strips, or Orbs use averaged 6.1, 5.9, 13.5, and 8.5 units/day, respectively. DU subjects smoked 7.6 CPD and used 3.2 Snus pouches/day, on average. After 5 days, substantial reductions of most biomarkers, including nicotine, were observed in all groups. Toxicant exposures were similar to being tobacco abstinent after switching exclusively to Camel Snus, Sticks, Strips or Orbs. DU reductions were more modest.

show abstract

Determination of tobacco-specificN-nitrosamines in urine of smokers and non-smokers

Cited by 45 publications

References 13 publications

Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure: Summary of an FDA-Sponsored Public Workshop

Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure: Summary of an FDA-Sponsored Public Workshop

Reduced Exposure to Harmful and Potentially Harmful Smoke Constituents With the Tobacco Heating System 2.1

Consumption patterns and biomarkers of exposure in cigarette smokers switched to Snus, various dissolvable tobacco products, Dual use, or tobacco abstinence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About