Determination of titanium dioxide added as an inert marker in chicken digestibility studies

A total of 30 7-week-old pigs were used to evaluate the effects of chicory inclusion on digestibility, digestive organ size and faecal microbiota. Five diets were formulated: a cereal-based control diet and four diets with inclusion of 80 and 160 g/kg chicory forage (CF80 and CF160), 80 g/kg chicory root (CR80) and a mix of 80 g/kg forage and 80 g/kg chicory root (CFR). Generally, the pigs showed a high growth rate and feed intake, and no differences between the different diets were observed. The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of energy, organic matter and CP did not differ between the control and CF80, whereas they were impaired in diet CF160. The CTTAD of non-starch polysaccharides and especially the uronic acids were higher (P , 0.05) with chicory inclusion, with highest (P , 0.05) values for diet CF160. Coliform counts were lower and lactobacilli : coliform ratio was higher (P , 0.05) in diet CFR than in the control. Global microbial composition was investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism combined with cloning and sequencing. Analysis of gut microbiota pattern revealed two major clusters where diet CF160 differed from the control and CR80 diet. Chicory forage diets were correlated with an increased relative abundance of one species related to Prevotella and decreased abundance of two other species related to Prevotella. For diet CFR, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus johnsonii was higher than in the other diets. This study shows that both chicory forage and root can be used as fibre sources in pig nutrition and that they modulate the composition of the gut microbiota differently.

“…Samples were analysed for DM by drying at 1038C for 16 h and for ash after ignition at 6008C for 3 h (Jennische and Larsson, 1990 Short et al (1996).…”

Section: Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of chicory inclusion in a cereal-based diet on digestibility, organ size and faecal microbiota in growing pigs

Ivarsson

Liu

Dicksved

et al. 2012

“…Tryptophan was not determined. The titanium oxide content was measured using the colorimetric method described by Short et al (1996). The procedure to determine trypsin inhibitor was according to the method of Valdebouze et al (1980).…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional value of white lupins (Lupinus albus) for broilers: apparent metabolisable energy, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility and production performance

Nalle

Ravindran

2012

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of three cultivars (Promore, Kiev mutant and Ultra) of white lupins (Lupinus albus L.) for broilers. In experiment 1, the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients of the three cultivars were determined. The cultivar effects were significant (P , 0.05) for AME, but the ileal amino acid digestibility coefficients were similar (P . 0.05) between cultivars. The AME value of Ultra cultivar was lower (P , 0.05) than those of Promore and Kiev mutant cultivars. In Experiment 2, using the AME and ileal digestible amino acid values determined in Experiment 1, diets containing 200 g/kg of lupin were formulated and the effects of feeding these diets on performance, digestive tract development and excreta quality of broiler starters were investigated. Weight gain, feed intake and feed per gain of broilers fed diets containing white lupins were similar (P . 0.05) to those fed the maize-soybean meal diet. The performance of birds fed diets containing different cultivars of white lupins was similar (P . 0.05). Several digestive tract parameters were influenced by the dietary inclusion of white lupins. In particular, the relative liver weight and the relative empty weights of small intestine and caeca in birds fed diets containing white lupins were higher (P , 0.05) than those fed the maize-soybean meal diet. No differences (P . 0.05) were observed in the excreta quality scores between the birds fed the maize-soybean meal diet and those fed diets containing white lupins.

“…Inert digestibility markers added to broiler diets eliminate the need to evaluate quantitative feed intake and excreta output, and enable nutrient utilisation to be examined along the gastrointestinal tract (Short et al, 1996). Inert markers must maintain digestive transit at the same speed as other dietary nutrients in the tract and be physiologically inactive, as well as being non-toxic, easily analysed, able to be homogenously mixed into a diet, indigestible and non-absorbed (Jagger et al, 1992;Titgemeyer et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method most widely used to determine TiO 2 concentration is UV-spectroscopy, primarily based around the method of Short et al (1996). This method involves the initial hydrolysis of the sample with sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) followed by a colour reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An intense orange/yellow colour results from the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) to an acidic titanium (Ti) solution, and the colour intensity can be quantified by UV-spectrometry. This method has been used successfully in several species including poultry (Short et al, 1996), cattle (Titgemeyer et al, 2001) and pigs (Jagger et al, 1992), but some authors reported being unable to achieve reliable results using this process (Myers et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of two methods for determining titanium dioxide marker content in broiler digestibility studies

Morgan

Scholey

Burton

2014

The use of inert markers in broiler diets eliminates the need to quantitatively evaluate feed intake and excreta output to determine diet digestibility, and enables nutrient uptake at specific points along the gastrointestinal tract to be examined. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is commonly used for this purpose and measured using a UV-spectrophotometric assay. Two experiments were conducted to observe whether an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES) assay is able to replace the UV-spectroscopy assay for rapid analysis of TiO 2 in broiler feed and ileal digesta samples. In the first experiment, TiO 2 was added at 5 g/kg to 19 broiler diets. Ross 308 male broilers (n = 452) fed these diets were involved in a series of digestion studies to determine ileal digesta recovery of TiO 2 . In the second experiment, defined amounts of TiO 2 were added to ileal digesta samples from Ross 308 male broilers (n = 176) and TiO 2 recoveries were determined. The feed and ileal samples from both experiments were analysed by both UV-spectroscopy and ICP-OES, and relatedness of the findings from the two assays was determined. Overall relatedness of the two assays was strong for determination of TiO 2 concentration in both the broiler diets and ileal digesta samples (r = 0.908 and r = 0.884, respectively). Overall recovery of supplemented TiO 2 was 97.62% by the UV-spectroscopy assay and 98.77% by the ICP-OES assay. The ICP-OES assay in this study was as accurate as spectrophotometric determination for the quantification of TiO 2 content. The ICP-OES method can also be used to analyse several elements within one assay, with a single preparation step, and thus the measurement of TiO 2 may be incorporated into the analysis of other minerals. Time and resources dedicated to determining diet digestibility in broilers could be minimised by using the ICP-OES assay to replace the UV-spectroscopy assay when measuring TiO 2 concentration.