Determination of tiropramide in human plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Tiropramide in Healthy Korean Subjects

“…In other words, the previously reported PK parameter values of tiropramide were similar to our PK results obtained by NCA analysis. After oral administration of 100 mg of tiropramide in humans, the obtained NCA PK parameters (as previously reported values) were 2.34-6.99 h for t 1/2 , 0.66-1.6 h for T max , 77.4-111 ng/mL for C max , and 267.7-812.7 h•ng/mL for AUC [6,12,[18][19][20][21]. On the other hand, the NCA PK parameters in this study were 3.41 ± 1.99 h for t 1/2 , 1.74 ± 0.63 h for T max , 69.07 ± 59.74 ng/mL for C max , and 280.34 ± 199.96 h•ng/mL for AUC, which were similar to the previously reported values.…”

“…Therefore, the covariate effect was confirmed by genotyping the OCT gene, which is known to be related to the absorption, distribution, and excretion of various organic cations [5]. Tiropramide is a substance derived from the amino acid tyrosine [6]. Therefore, the genotyping of the PEPT gene, which is known to be involved in the absorption and distribution of the peptide drugs such as peptides and β-lactam antibiotics, was performed to confirm the covariate effect [7].…”

A simple sample preparation with HPLC–UV method for estimation of tiropramide from plasma: Application to bioequivalence study

“…Tiropramide is a water-soluble compound [2]. Hence, an attempt has been made to extract the drug from plasma by precipitating the plasma samples with solvents like acetonitrile, perchloric acid and methanol.…”

“…Literature search revealed that very few pharmacokinetic studies are published and the reported methods are based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [2], gas chromatography/nitrogen phosphorus detector [3,4] semi-micro HPLC using column switching [5] and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry [6]. Although the reported methods are sensitive and accurate but are expensive, and labor intensive.…”

Enantioseparation of tiropramide by HPLC

“…3 Several methods for the quantitative determination of tiropramide in biological fluids such as human plasma have been reported using gas chromatography (GC), 4,5 GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), 6 highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 7 and LC/MS. 8 Tiropramide is marketed as a racemic mixture. The stereospecific activity of each enantiomer is not yet known.…”