Determination of tin(IV) and organotin compounds in natural waters, coastal sediments and macro algae by atomic absorption spectrometry

Hodge, Vernon F.; Seidel, Sharon L.; Goldberg, Edward D.

doi:10.1021/ac50044a033

Cited by 273 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Recently, organotin concentrations with varying intensity were determined in the United States (Hodge et al, 1979;Seligman et al, 1986), Canada (Maguire et al, 1982(Maguire et al, , 1986, France (Alzieu and Heral, 1984), Turkey (Tugrul et al, 1983), Switzerland (Mueller, 1984), and the United Kingdom (Cleary and Stebbing, 1985). In general, butyltin concentrations seemed to depend on boating activity and tidal influence.…”

Section: Growing Production and Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological activity of organotin compounds—An overview

Snoeij

Penninks

Seinen

1987

Environmental Research

345

131

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As a consequence of the rapid expansion of the uses and applications of the organotin compounds, the concern about their environmental and health effects is increasing. The main subject of this overview is the current understanding of the mammalian toxicity of the organotin compounds. Four different types of target organ toxicity, namely neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and cutaneous toxicity, are discussed in more detail. The effects of the organotin compounds on the mitochondfial and cellular level are summarized and discussed in relation to the mode of action of these compounds on the central nervous system, the liver and bile duct, the immune system, and the skin. © 1987 Academic Press, Inc. ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS: APPLICATIONS AND TOXICITY Organotin CompoundsTin can be present as an element in a wide variety of both inorganic and organometallic compounds. Organometallic tin compounds or organotins are characterized by the presence of at least one covalent carbon-tin bond. Although tin may exist either in the Sn 2+ or in the Sn 4+ oxidation state, almost all organotins have a tetravalent structure. Depending on the number of organic moieties, the organotin compounds are classified as mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraorganotins. In compounds of industrial importance, methyl, butyl, octyl, and phenyl groups form the organic substituents, while the anion is usually chloride, fluoride, oxide, hydroxide, carboxylate, or thiolate. All alkyltin compounds refered to in this article contain unbranched saturated hydrocarbon side chains (n-alkyltins).

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Section: Growing Production and Concernmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological activity of organotin compounds—An overview

Snoeij

Penninks

Seinen

1987

Environmental Research

345

131

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“…Comparisons of the pretreatment procedures for methyltin analysis in water using AAS, GC and HPLC-based methods Method Sample Pretreatment method Reference AAS 100 mL seawater or lake water Volatile hydrides were generated using NaBH4 and then trapped in liquid nitrogen followed by sequential elution with increasing temperature and detection using AAS [3] GC-AAS 4-5 L water, Ontario Lakes and Rivers Saturation with NaC1, extraction of 4-5 L water with 100 mL of benzene/0.5% tropolone.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to date the occurrence of methyltin compounds have been found in many different environmental media such as seawater [3,4], river water [5,6], lake water [6,7], sediments [8] and biological samples [3]. In addition to the anthropogenic sources [1], methyltins can be produced by the biotic and abiotic methylation [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existence of methyltins as methyltin salts in the environment leads to the utilization of time-consuming steps involving complexation, extraction and derivatization, and is the main sources of errors. When sodium borohydride method is utilized, the hydrides of methyltin compounds have to be trapped using cryogenic purge and trap method [12] or hydride trap method [3] ically, organotins in water are complexed with a chelating agent, such as sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC, 0.2 g) in the presence of sodium chloride [13]. The chelated organotins are then extracted with toluene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid and direct speciation of methyltins in seawater by an on-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography–hydride generation–ICP/MS system

Zhai

Liu

et al. 2009

Talanta

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a b s t r a c tA novel on-line coupled HPLC-hydride generation (HG)-ICP/MS system was developed for rapid, direct and sensitive speciation of methyltins in seawater without any pretreatment step. Methyltin compounds were separated by reversed phase HPLC, and then on-line reacted with potassium borohydride and acetic acid to generate volatile hydride products. The volatile derivatization products were separated in the spray chamber of ICP/MS and then introduced into ICP/MS by argon gas for detection. Monomethyltin (MMT), dimethyltin (DMT) and trimethyltin (TMT) were baseline separated in less than 15 min by reversed phase HPLC. The influence of KBH 4 concentration and type of acid on the system performance was investigated and optimized. Calibration curves, based on peak heights against concentration, were linear in the range of 0.5-50 ng (Sn) mL −1 of methyltins with correlation coefficients of 0.9990, 0.9990 and 0.9996 for MMT, DMT and TMT, respectively. The relative standard deviations measured at 10 ng (Sn) mL −1 for these three methyltins were in the range of 0.6-1.4% (n = 5), and the calculated detection limits (S/N = 3) for MMT, DMT and TMT were 0.266, 0.095 and 0.039 ng (Sn) mL −1 , respectively. This method was successfully applied to the speciation of methyltins in seawater with spiked recovery in the range of 95.4-106.9%. MMT and DMT were detected in all the seawater samples with concentrations in the range of 1.0-1.5 and 0.30-0.57 ng (Sn) mL −1 for MMT and DMT, respectively.

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“…refs. [4][5][6][7] have been obtained only recently, however, due to the attention devoted to control of sample contamination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of total tin in National Research Council of Canada marine reference materials

Sturgeon¹,

McLaren²,

Willie³

et al. 1987

Can. J. Chem.

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. Can. J. Chem. 65, 961 (1987)., An intralaboratory determination of total Sn in three National Research Council of Canada reference materials, i.e., estuarine , , sediments BCSS-1 and MESS-1 and lobster hepatopancreas TORT-1 was undertaken. Samples were solubilized by acid mineralization and analyzed by stable isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, direct solution injection graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), and hydride generation-GFAAS. The materials were homogeneous at the 500 mg subsample size. Good agreement was obtained amongst the results from the three instrumental methods of analysis. Certified values of total Sn in these materials are 1.85 t 0.20 k g / g in BCSS-1, 3.98 t 0.44 k g / g in MESS-1, and 139 2 11 ng/g in TORT-1. The above uncertainties represent 95% tolerance limits for an individual (500 mg) subsample.

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Determination of tin(IV) and organotin compounds in natural waters, coastal sediments and macro algae by atomic absorption spectrometry

Cited by 273 publications

References 7 publications

Biological activity of organotin compounds—An overview

Biological activity of organotin compounds—An overview

Rapid and direct speciation of methyltins in seawater by an on-line coupled high performance liquid chromatography–hydride generation–ICP/MS system

Determination of total tin in National Research Council of Canada marine reference materials

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