Determination of thein vitro activity of fluconazole against yeast strains using HPLC

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of fluconazole against two yeast strains by determining the fluconazole content via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Candida krusei ATCC 6258 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were tested for fluconazole susceptibility by dilution tests. Fluconazole measurements by HPLC were performed in cultures of the strains at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. In C. krusei ATCC 6258 cultures, 88.94% of the fluconazole was recovered at 48 h with respect to the level at time 0 h. The drug exhibited major activity at 12 and 24 h. An increase in cell number and elevated concentration of the drug were detected at 48 h. In S. cerevisiae cultures, the measurements revealed a fluconazole content of approximately 51.25% at 12, 24 and 48 h with respect to the level at time 0 h. However, the percentage of fluconazole detected and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value determined by agar dilution tests suggest a potential for fluconazole resistance in this susceptible strain. The decreases in fluconazole in C. krusei ATCC 6258 and S. cerevisiae cultures at each time point suggest a mechanism of resistance that is not correlated to efflux pumps.

Enzyme-Free Amplification Strategy for Biosensing Using Fe3+–Poly(glutamic acid) Coordination Chemistry

“…21−24 The coordination chemistry between metal ions and their chelators is primarily used for removing metals from industrial effluents due to their high capacities of absorption. 25 The chelators include activated carbon, 26 ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), 27 nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), 28 and polymers such as poly(acrylic acid), 29 and poly(amino acid). 30 In several previous studies, poly(glutamic acid) (PGA, an anionic polypeptide 31 ) shows great potential for the removal and recovery of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters due to its ability to bind several metal ions (Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 3+ , and Al 3+ ).…”

“…Compared with enzyme mimics and liposome-based encapsulation, coordination chemistry on the nanostructures provides a feasible way for the probe loading and enzyme-free means for signal amplification. − The coordination chemistry between metal ions and their chelators is primarily used for removing metals from industrial effluents due to their high capacities of absorption . The chelators include activated carbon, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and polymers such as poly­(acrylic acid), and poly­(amino acid) . In several previous studies, poly­(glutamic acid) (PGA, an anionic polypeptide) shows great potential for the removal and recovery of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters due to its ability to bind several metal ions (Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mn 2+ , Fe 3+ , and Al 3+ ). − Due to the large number of functional groups on polymers, they show a higher capacity for absorption of metal ions than small molecules.…”