Determination of the yield, mass and structure of silver patches on colloidal silica using multiwavelength analytical ultracentrifugation

Meincke, Thomas; Walter, Johannes; Pflug, Lukas; Thajudeen, Thaseem; Völkl, Andreas; Lopez, Paola Cardenas; Uttinger, Maximilian J.; Stingl, Michael; Watanabe, Satoshi; Taylor, Robin N. Klupp

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.161

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This suggests that at low ρ 0, Seed , insufficient gold nanocrystals are present to initiate growth and due to the low reaction temperature of 30 °C, the conditions needed for the kind of heterogeneous nucleation seen on bare silica particles in our earlier work are not present. ,, Besides higher order in-plane resonances in the range 500–700 nm, which shift similarly to the main dipole peak, a further feature in the extinction spectra for the cases of ρ 0, Seed between 10 and 40 can be seen at a constant wavelength value of around 331 nm. This peak was observed in our earlier studies with silver patches and corresponds to the out-of-plane quadrupole resonance, similar to that seen for flat silver nanoprisms. , Since this feature depends almost exclusively on the patch thickness, we can conclude that the value of ρ 0, Seed has rather little influence on that aspect of the patch morphology. It follows that for a lower seeding density, the coverage of patches should increase.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…This peak was observed in our earlier studies with silver patches and corresponds to the out-of-plane quadrupole resonance, similar to that seen for flat silver nanoprisms. 41,55 Since this feature depends almost exclusively on the patch thickness, 47 we can conclude that the value of ρ 0, Seed has rather little influence on that aspect of the patch morphology. It follows that for a lower seeding density, the coverage of patches should increase.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Performed as a single step, the electroless deposition conditions, which result from the initial reagent concentrations, define both the nucleation and growth rate. Thus, attempts to control the amount of growth in order to obtain silver patches with targeted size invariably lead to an unwanted influence on the nucleation conditions, resulting in undesirable numbers and sizes of patches on the silica cores, or even a large fraction of bare cores . Through the use of a cascaded two-T mixer process and making use of the kinetic control afforded to the reaction by the ammonia concentration, we were able to partially separate nucleation from growth, but not sufficiently for control of patch size .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, attempts to control the amount of growth in order to obtain silver patches with targeted size invariably lead to an unwanted influence on the nucleation conditions, resulting in undesirable numbers and sizes of patches on the silica cores, or even a large fraction of bare cores. 47 Through the use of a cascaded two-T mixer process and making use of the kinetic control afforded to the reaction by the ammonia concentration, we were able to partially separate nucleation from growth, but not sufficiently for control of patch size. 46 Such control, however, is essential in order to design arbitrary patchy particle morphologies for application as anisotropic building blocks, 48 or, as already noted above, to achieve a wide tunability of the LSPR.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gram-Scale Continuous Flow Synthesis of Silver-on-Silica Patchy Nanoparticles with Widely Tunable Resonances for Plasmonics Applications

Völkl

Jannick

Drobek

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Extensive research has been conducted on colloids that incorporate nanostructured noble metals, motivated in particular by their highly tunable optical properties. However, the lack of approaches that offer reproducibility, tunability, and scalable production is limiting their exploitation in many application areas. Here, we present an innovative process for the controlled formation of silver patches on silica nanospheres using gold nanocrystal seeds. The synthesis of the seeds and their attachment in very small numbers to the silica spheres is achieved without employing any surfactants, stabilizers, or linker molecules. Using advanced transmission electron microscopy techniques, we show that electroless deposition of nanostructured silver occurs at the introduced seeds and leads to a central protrusion from the metal patches not observed in earlier, seed-free work. We demonstrate that both seeding and growth processes can be achieved in millimixer flow reactors. With this simple and scalable approach, we provide compelling evidence for the use of seeds in producing targeted morphology and function. Specifically, patch size and optical properties can be tailored in a predictive manner by adjusting the density of seeds on the silica nanospheres as well as reagent concentrations during growth. As a result, our process can be used to obtain colloidal dispersions with localized surface plasmon resonance peaks anywhere in the range 400 to nearly 1300 nm. We confirm the scalability of our method by operating the growth process for around 70 min. Apart from changes in the first few minutes, the product properties remained rather stable and over a gram of high quality silver patch-coated silica could be recovered. Our approach opens up exciting new avenues for plasmonics applications, which typically require large amounts of nanoparticles with specifically designed optical properties. These include color and IR pigments, photocatalysts, and as light management components in optoelectronic devices like photovoltaic cells.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gram-Scale Continuous Flow Synthesis of Silver-on-Silica Patchy Nanoparticles with Widely Tunable Resonances for Plasmonics Applications

Völkl

Jannick

Drobek

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Analytical ultracentrifugation in colloid and polymer science: new possibilities and perspectives after 100 years

Cölfen¹

2023

Colloid Polym Sci

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Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) is a classical polymer and colloid analysis technique invented by Theodor Svedberg 100 years ago. Modern hard- and software and powerful computers make it now possible to develop the methodology beyond what was possible with this technique before. This perspective aims to describe new possibilities, which extend the possibilities of AUC beyond the classical repertoire of the determination of distributions of sedimentation coefficient, particle size, and molar mass as well as stoichiometries and interaction constants of interacting systems. High-resolution simultaneous characterization of particle size and optical property distributions, investigation of nucleation by reaction in the AUC cell, characterization of particle interactions at a very high concentration, and characterization of complex fluids or osmotic pressures over large concentration ranges even crossing phase boundaries are among the discussed topics. They show that even after 100 years of successful application, AUC still has much yet unexplored potential in colloid and polymer science. Graphical Abstract This perspective paper spans from the days of invention of analytical ultracentrifugation to now including nonmainstream methodology and instrumentation, which has a huge potential for the future. This includes multiwavelength detectors, high-resolution particle size distributions, chemical reactions in the ultracentrifuge, high-concentration work, osmotic pressure distributions, and characterization of complex fluids.

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Seedless and electroless plating of silver on silica particles by using microreactor

Maw,

Watanabe,

Miyahara

et al. 2024

Advanced Powder Technology

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Determination of the yield, mass and structure of silver patches on colloidal silica using multiwavelength analytical ultracentrifugation

Cited by 5 publications

References 48 publications

Gram-Scale Continuous Flow Synthesis of Silver-on-Silica Patchy Nanoparticles with Widely Tunable Resonances for Plasmonics Applications

Gram-Scale Continuous Flow Synthesis of Silver-on-Silica Patchy Nanoparticles with Widely Tunable Resonances for Plasmonics Applications

Analytical ultracentrifugation in colloid and polymer science: new possibilities and perspectives after 100 years

Seedless and electroless plating of silver on silica particles by using microreactor

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