Determination of the WAT based on the analysis of the ultrasonic characteristics of waxy oil with various paraffin contents

Kim, Daechul; Shin, Sung Ryul; Chung, Wookeen; Lim, Jong‐Se; Lee, Dong Gun; Lee, Dae-Mo; Ha, Jiho

doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2022.108916

Cited by 1 publication

(7 citation statements)

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“…In addition to the differences in the wax content and resin + asphaltene content, the other physical properties of the HFP crude oils in each tectonic zone also show different values. The HFP crude oils in the Niuzhuang subsag are mainly developed in Es 3 , with crude oil densities ranging from 0.87 to 0.90 g/cm 3 and viscosities mostly less than 100 mPa•s. The HFP crude oils in the Boxing subsag are mainly developed in Es 3 and Es 4 , with densities ranging from 0.83 to 0.89 g/cm 3 and viscosities less than 50 mPa•s.…”

Section: Classification Of High-freezing-point Crude Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HFP crude oils in the Niuzhuang subsag are mainly developed in Es 3 , with crude oil densities ranging from 0.87 to 0.90 g/cm 3 and viscosities mostly less than 100 mPa•s. The HFP crude oils in the Boxing subsag are mainly developed in Es 3 and Es 4 , with densities ranging from 0.83 to 0.89 g/cm 3 and viscosities less than 50 mPa•s. The HFP crude oils in the Wangjiagang fault zone are developed in Ek and Paleozoic (Pz), with the crude oil density ranging from 0.82 to 0.93 g/cm 3 and viscosities mostly below 100 mPa•s.…”

Section: Classification Of High-freezing-point Crude Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HFP crude oils in the Boxing subsag are mainly developed in Es 3 and Es 4 , with densities ranging from 0.83 to 0.89 g/cm 3 and viscosities less than 50 mPa•s. The HFP crude oils in the Wangjiagang fault zone are developed in Ek and Paleozoic (Pz), with the crude oil density ranging from 0.82 to 0.93 g/cm 3 and viscosities mostly below 100 mPa•s. The HFP crude oils in the Binnan fault belt are mainly located in Ng, Es 3 , and Es 4 , with crude oil densities greater than 1.0 g/cm 3 and viscosities more than 5000 mPa•s.…”

Section: Classification Of High-freezing-point Crude Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HFP crude oils in the Wangjiagang fault zone are developed in Ek and Paleozoic (Pz), with the crude oil density ranging from 0.82 to 0.93 g/cm 3 and viscosities mostly below 100 mPa•s. The HFP crude oils in the Binnan fault belt are mainly located in Ng, Es 3 , and Es 4 , with crude oil densities greater than 1.0 g/cm 3 and viscosities more than 5000 mPa•s. The HFP crude oils in the Gaoqing fault belt are mainly developed in An∈, Pz, and Ek, with crude oil densities ranging from 0.87 to 1.0 g/cm 3 and viscosities mostly below 300 mPa•s.…”

Section: Classification Of High-freezing-point Crude Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HFP crude oils in the Binnan fault belt are mainly located in Ng, Es 3 , and Es 4 , with crude oil densities greater than 1.0 g/cm 3 and viscosities more than 5000 mPa•s. The HFP crude oils in the Gaoqing fault belt are mainly developed in An∈, Pz, and Ek, with crude oil densities ranging from 0.87 to 1.0 g/cm 3 and viscosities mostly below 300 mPa•s. In faulted basins, reservoirs in different tectonic zones always undergo different processes of hydrocarbon migration, accumulation, and secondary alteration; thus, the differences in the wax content, resin + asphaltene content, and other physical properties of the three types of HFP crude oils reflect the differences in their origin and formation processes.…”

Section: Classification Of High-freezing-point Crude Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Crude Oils with Different Freezing Points and the Genetic Mechanism of High-Freezing-Point Crude Oils in the Dongying Sag

Niu,

Wang,

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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The freezing point of crude oils is an important factor affecting the process of exploration, development, and transportation of crude oils. In the Dongying Sag, the freezing point of crude oils varies greatly in space, and high-freezing-point crude oils have been found in many structural belts. The freezing point of crude oils in the Dongying Sag is generally high, ranging from −40 to 80 °C. The distribution of high-freezing-point crude oils in the Dongying Sag is scattered, and they have been found at different depths, layers, and structural belts, with relatively more occurrences in specific areas. Based on the relationship between the wax content and the resin + asphaltene content, the high-freezing-point crude oils in the Dongying Sag can be classified into three types (type A, type B, and type C). Type A, type B, and type C high-freezing-point crude oils are mainly found in the gentle slope zone, depression zone, and uplift zone, respectively. The contents of wax and resins + asphaltenes in crude oils are the key factors controlling the freezing point of crude oils in the Dongying Sag. Oil source correlation using biomarkers and n -alkane carbon isotopes demonstrates that different types of high-freezing-point crude oils are generated from different source rocks, indicating that the source of crude oils is not the only factor controlling the freezing point of crude oils. The hydrocarbon-generating parent material of hydrocarbon source rocks developed in different depositional environments of the Dongying Sag is generally characterized by the dominance of bacteria and algae and is supplemented by terrestrial higher plants. This lays the material foundation for the formation of waxes during the maturation of hydrocarbon source rocks. The change of temperature and pressure conditions during the process of oil expulsion from source rocks and migration in the carrier bed will lead to phase fractionation and composition changes of oils, thus forming type A freezing point crude oils in the slope zone and type B freezing point oils in the depression zone. The increase in resin and asphaltene content caused by biodegradation and water washing in shallower buried oil reservoirs is the reason for the formation of type C high-freezing-point crude oils. The research results indicate that the organic matter composition and hydrocarbon alteration during migration and accumulation jointly control the formation of high-freezing-point crude oils in lacustrine basins. The extensive input of terrestrial organic matter into the source rocks of the lacustrine basin laid the foundation for the formation of high-freezing-point crude oils, and the migration fractionation and biodegradation of the crude oils further promoted the formation of high-freezing-point crude oils.

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Section: Classification Of High-freezing-point Crude Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%