Determination of the tryptophan content of feed and feedstuffs by ion exchange liquid chromatography.

Sato, Hiroyuki; Seino, Tadatoshi; Kobayashi, Takaaki; Murai, Asao; Yugari, Yasumi

doi:10.1271/bbb1961.48.2961

Cited by 53 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Cys and Met were determined as cysteic acid and methionine sulfone after oxidation with performic acid before hydrolysis (Schram et al, 1954). Trp was determined according to Sato et al (1984).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary crude protein level on odour from pig manure

Aarnink

Jongbloed

et al. 2007

Animal

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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) level on odour emission, odour intensity, hedonic tone, and ammonia emission from pig manure and on manure composition (pH, total nitrogen, ammonium, volatile fatty acids, indolic, phenolic and sulphur-containing compounds). An experiment was conducted with growing pigs (n ¼ 18) in a randomised complete-block design with three treatments in six blocks. Treatment groups were 12%, 15% and 18% CP diets. Barley was exchanged for soya-bean meal. Crystalline amino acids (AA) were included in the 12% CP diet up to the level of pigs' requirement; the same amount of AA was added to the 15% and 18% CP diets. Pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 36.5^3.4 kg (mean^s.d.) were individually penned in partly slatted floor pens and offered a daily feed allowance of 2.8 £ maintenance requirement for net energy (NE: 293 kJ/kg BW 0.75 ). Feed was mixed with water, 1/2.5 (w/w). Faeces and urine of each pig were accumulated together in a separate manure pit under the slatted floor. After an adaptation period of 2 weeks, the manure pits were cleaned and manure was collected. In the 5th week of the collection period, air samples for odour and ammonia analyses, and manure samples were collected directly from each manure pit. Air samples were analysed for odour concentration and for hedonic value and intensity above odour detection threshold. Manure samples were analysed for volatile fatty acids, and indolic, phenolic and sulphurous compounds, ammonium and total nitrogen concentrations. Reducing dietary CP from 18% to 12% lowered odour emission ( P , 0.05) and ammonia emission ( P ¼ 0.01) from pig manure by 80% and 53%, respectively. Reduced dietary CP decreased total nitrogen, methyl sulphide, carbon disulphide, ethanethiol, phenol, 4-ethyl phenol, indole and 3-methyl indole concentrations in the manure ( P , 0.05). Volatile fatty acids and cresols concentrations in the manure of pigs fed different dietary CP levels were similar. A reduction of dietary CP and at the same time providing essential AA is an option to reduce odour emission as well as ammonia emission from pig manure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary crude protein level on odour from pig manure

Aarnink

Jongbloed

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…Although the tryptophan content of bulk duckweed protein has been reported to be less than 1% [34,38], these values may be underestimates of the actual tryptophan content. The tryptophan content is difficult to measure accurately [52,53]. Given that duckweed is primarily green frond tissue, it would be expected to have the tryptophan content similar to grasses which ranges from 1 to 2% tryptophan [49].…”

Section: Duckweed Feed For Animal Chicken and Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing Duckweed to Recover Nutrients from Wastewaters and for Production of Fuel Ethanol and Animal Feed

Ji¹,

Stomp

2009

CLEAN Soil Air Water

274

203

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Lemnaceae or duckweed is an aquatic plant that can be used to recover nutrients from wastewaters. The grown duckweed can be a good resource of proteins and starch, and utilized for the production of value-added products such as animal feed and fuel ethanol. In the last eleven years we have been working on growing duckweed on anaerobically treated swine wastewater and utilizing the duckweed for fuel ethanol production. Duckweed strains that grew well on the swine wastewater were screened in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The selected duckweed strains were then tested for nutrient recovery under laboratory and field conditions. The rates of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by the duckweed growing in the laboratory and field systems were determined in the study. The mechanisms of nutrient uptake by the duckweed and the growth of duckweed in a nutrient-limited environment have been studied. When there are nutrients (N and P) available in the wastewater, duckweed takes the nutrients from the wastewater to support its growth and to store the nutrients in its tissue. When the N and P are completely removed from the wastewater, duckweed can use its internally stored nutrients to keep its growth for a significant period of time. A modified Monod model has been developed to describe nitrogen transport in a duckweed-covered pond for nutrient recovery from anaerobically treated swine wastewater. Nutrient reserve in the duckweed biomass has been found the key to the kinetics of duckweed growth. Utilization of duckweed for value-added products has a good potential. Using duckweed to feed animals, poultry, and fish has been extensively studied with promising results. Duckweed is also an alternative starch source for fuel ethanol production. Spirodela polyrrhiza grown on anaerobically treated swine wastewater was found to have a starch content of 45.8% (dry weight). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the duckweed biomass with amylases yielded a hydrolysate with a reducing sugar content corresponding to 50.9% of the original dry duckweed biomass. Fermentation of the hydrolysate using yeast gave an ethanol yield of 25.8% of the original dry duckweed biomass. These results indicate that the duckweed biomass can produce significant quantities of starch that can be readily converted into ethanol.

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“…In fact TRP has a particular status regarding several aspects. First, unusual difficulties were encountered in its analytical determination (Sato et al, 1984). Then, on the basis of the observation that TRP deficiency was drastically affecting the appetite in pigs (Henry and Pastuszewska, 1976;Montgomery, Flux, and Carr, 1978), research has focused on its metabolic specificity and on its physiological role in this species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Roles of Tryptophan in Pig Nutrition

Sève¹

1999

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Tryptophan (TRP) is shown to play original roles in the physiology of pigs. Dietary TRP deficiency induces depression of the appetite leading to reduced growth performance. Brain hydroxy-indoles, including the neurotransmitter serotonin, are closely related to dietary TRP supply. Excess protein, namely large neutral amino acids (LNAA) enhanced the appetite depression, providing some support to a role for plasma TRP:LNAA in the regulation of protein intake through serotonin. Other implications of TRP, as a precursor for serotonin, in the susceptibility of pigs to stress and in their consequences on meat quality were reported. Furthermore, we concluded to a role for TRP in the insulin response to the meal and in tissue sensitivity to insulin. Implications in pig feeding practice are briefly reviewed.

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Determination of the tryptophan content of feed and feedstuffs by ion exchange liquid chromatography.

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of dietary crude protein level on odour from pig manure

Effects of dietary crude protein level on odour from pig manure

Growing Duckweed to Recover Nutrients from Wastewaters and for Production of Fuel Ethanol and Animal Feed

Physiological Roles of Tryptophan in Pig Nutrition

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