Determination of the True Temperature During Selective Laser Melting of Metal Powders Based on Measurements with an Infrared Camera

Smurov, I.; Dubenskaya, M. A.; Zhirnov, Ivan; Teleshevskii, V. I.

doi:10.1007/s11018-016-1077-z

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Using numerical modeling and experiments, Du et al 71 show that LPBF of AlSi10Mg at VED=106 J/mm 3 could result in melt pool temperatures higher than 3086 K, which is higher than the evaporation temperatures of Fe, Cr and Ni. A separate study by Doubenskaia et al 72 employed an IR camera to investigate the melt pool temperature profiles during LPBF of 316 L SS (P=30 W, v s = 50 mm/s), the results indicated that the melt pool peak temperatures reached 2500 K. A few other works by Ansari et al 73 , and Mirkoohi et al 74 . all point towards the fact that melt pool temperatures would go higher than the vaporization temperature of Fe, Cr and Ni, with the volumetric energy density (VED= 133-1333 J/mm 3 ) used www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ in this work.…”

Section: Clad-heat Affected Zone Profile Properties As Presented Inmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metallurgical and Electrochemical Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Clads on Low Carbon Steel Substrate produced with Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Murkute

Pasebani

Isgor

2020

Sci Rep

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this study aims to improve the corrosion resistance of the low carbon steel by cladding it with super duplex stainless steel using laser powder bed fusion process. critical process parameters such as laser power, laser scan speed, hatch spacing, and powder layer thickness were optimized to achieve the best possible metallurgical bonding between the clad and the substrate. the evaporative losses experienced during the laser melting process resulted in clad layers with lower chromium content (12-25 wt. %) as compared to 26 wt. % of the feedstock powder. A clad thickness of 65.8 µm was achieved after melting ten 50 µm thick powder layers. the higher cooling rates associated with laser powder bed fusion resulted in fine high aspect ratio columnar grain structures with predominantly ferrite grains; however, widmanstätten austenite needles were observed with increasing laser scan speeds. increasing scan speed had a negative impact on the thickness, corrosion resistance, and the pitting potential of the clads exposed to 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution. Clads produced at the lowest scan speeds showed comparable corrosion resistance to rolled and annealed super duplex stainless steel. Duplex stainless steels (DSS) are a special class of ferrous alloys with a balanced ferrite (δ) and austenite (γ) phase microstructure. This dual-phase structure imparts these steels a high strength, toughness, and increased corrosion resistance in environments containing acids, acid chlorides, seawater, and caustic chemicals. Super duplex stainless steels (SDSS) 1 are a variant of DSS with higher Cr (25-26 wt. %) and Mo (4 wt. %) contents. SDSS typically shows superior pitting and stress corrosion cracking resistance than DSS; therefore, the use of SDSS has been increasing in highly corrosive environments, including oil and gas infrastructure, desalination plants, chemical storage tanks, heat exchangers, and paper/pulp manufacturing facilities 1. Although low carbon steel (LCS) remains to be the most widely used ferrous alloy, its applications are limited because it is highly vulnerable to corrosion in neutral, acidic, or saline environments 2. Corrosion-resistant SDSS alloys possess superior corrosion resistance than the LCS for the aforementioned applications, albeit with a significantly higher material cost. One of the viable means to reduce the component cost without compromising on service life is to manufacture a composite with a low-cost tough and ductile substrate cladded with a wear and corrosion resistant surface, as in the case of SDSS clads on an LCS substrate. These dissimilar metal composites (cladded systems) have been produced in the past using conventional manufacturing techniques such as welding 3-5 , diffusion bonding 6 , powder roll bonding 7 , hot rolling 8 , and reduction bonding 9. However, conventionally manufactured composites are often unfit for field use due to substandard clad-substrate bonding, often leading to clad delamination when subjected to operational stresses in the field. This substandard bond typically ...

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Section: Clad-heat Affected Zone Profile Properties As Presented Inmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metallurgical and Electrochemical Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Clads on Low Carbon Steel Substrate produced with Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Murkute

Pasebani

Isgor

2020

Sci Rep

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“…220 μmsolidification distance/100 μm beam diameter reported in simulations conducted in [7]). The typical SLM temperature distribution of an elongated-tail shape suggests a much lower s/d ratio in directions perpendicular to the scanning vector [8].…”

Section: Temperature Gradients and Cooling Rate In Selective Laser Mementioning

confidence: 98%

Investigating the melt pool properties and thermal effects of multi-laser diode area melting

Zavala-Arredondo

Ali

Groom

et al. 2018

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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“…A number of excellent optimal monitoring systems has been developed, in particular those by Craeghs et al [98][99][100][101], Kleszczynski et al [119], Clijsters et al [120], Chivel [121], Grasso et al [122], Hirsh et al [123], Kanko et al [124] and Lott et al [125]. Infrared thermography systems for SLM/DMSL have been developed by Rodriguez et al [126] and Smurov et al [127].…”

Section: Optical Process Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overhanging Features and the SLM/DMLS Residual Stresses Problem: Review and Future Research Need

2017

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Abstract:A useful and increasingly common additive manufacturing (AM) process is the selective laser melting (SLM) or direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) process. SLM/DMLS can produce full-density metal parts from difficult materials, but it tends to suffer from severe residual stresses introduced during processing. This limits the usefulness and applicability of the process, particularly in the fabrication of parts with delicate overhanging and protruding features. The purpose of this study was to examine the current insight and progress made toward understanding and eliminating the problem in overhanging and protruding structures. To accomplish this, a survey of the literature was undertaken, focusing on process modeling (general, heat transfer, stress and distortion and material models), direct process control (input and environmental control, hardware-in-the-loop monitoring, parameter optimization and post-processing), experiment development (methods for evaluation, optical and mechanical process monitoring, imaging and design-of-experiments), support structure optimization and overhang feature design; approximately 143 published works were examined. The major findings of this study were that a small minority of the literature on SLM/DMLS deals explicitly with the overhanging stress problem, but some fundamental work has been done on the problem. Implications, needs and potential future research directions are discussed in-depth in light of the present review.

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Determination of the True Temperature During Selective Laser Melting of Metal Powders Based on Measurements with an Infrared Camera

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Metallurgical and Electrochemical Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Clads on Low Carbon Steel Substrate produced with Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Metallurgical and Electrochemical Properties of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Clads on Low Carbon Steel Substrate produced with Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Investigating the melt pool properties and thermal effects of multi-laser diode area melting

Overhanging Features and the SLM/DMLS Residual Stresses Problem: Review and Future Research Need

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