Determination of the spinel group end-members based on electron microprobe analyses

Ferracutti, Gabriela; Gargiulo, Maria Florencia; Ganuza, María Luján; Bjerg, Ernesto; Castro, Silvia Mabel

doi:10.1007/s00710-014-0363-1

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The latter are shown as the average structural formulas normalized to three cations and four oxygen atoms, together with their standard deviations. This normalization method was used to calculate the Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ contents, similar to the method used by Quintiliani et al [22] and Ferracutti et al [23]. An example of the method is given as Table S2 in the Supplementary Information.…”

Section: Phase Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where K ss is the bulk modulus of the solid solution and K i is the bulk modulus of the spinel end members. The spinel end members of the spinels in samples CMD0 to CMD7 were calculated using the end member generator (EMG) (Ferracutti et al [23]) and the oxide analyses as determined by EDS analysis. These are given in Table 8, together with their calculated bulk moduli.…”

Section: Thermal Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Titanium Oxide Additions on the Phase Chemistry and Properties of Chromite-Magnesia Refractories

2020

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The microstructure of a direct-bonded chromite-magnesia refractory brick, typically used in copper and platinum converters, was modified by adding different amounts of nano-size TiO2 to the raw material mixture. Bricks with 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 mass% TiO2 were produced and compared in terms of spinel formation; the role of the tetravalent cation Ti4+ in the bonding phase; as well as changes in density, porosity, thermal expansion, and internal stress. This was done through a comprehensive XRD and SEM-EDS study. It was found that Ti is accommodated in the secondary spinel that has formed, where Mg in excess of unity in the tetrahedral site combines with an equal amount of Ti in the octahedral sites to maintain charge balance. The 1 mass% TiO2 brick had the lowest bulk density (but not significantly different from the original chromite-magnesia brick), the smallest difference in unit cell volumes between the primary and secondary spinels, and the lowest stress arising from the smallest difference in linear thermal expansion coefficients of the phases present. The calculated porosities correspond well with experimentally determined apparent porosity values, whereas the linear thermal expansion coefficients calculated at 1392K are similar to the values measured from 293 to 1273 K.

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Section: Phase Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Titanium Oxide Additions on the Phase Chemistry and Properties of Chromite-Magnesia Refractories

2020

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“…Atoms per formula unit (apfu) were calculated on the basis of 4 oxygens. Fe 2 O 3 /FeO were calculated using the End-Members Generator (EMG, version 8.0) software byFerracutti et al (2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…*Fe 2 O 3 /FeO were calculated using the End-Members Generator (EMG, version 8.0) software byFerracutti et al (2015). ** Species identification according to spinel supergroup nomenclature and classification(Bosi et al, 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy of Ga- and Ge-bearing metallurgical slags from Tsumeb, Namibia

Ettler

Mihaljevič

Strnad

et al. 2021

MinMag

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Gallium (Ga) and germanium (Ge) are technologically important critical elements. Lead blast furnace slags from Tsumeb, Namibia, comprise over two million metric tons of material that contains high levels of Ga (135–156 ppm) and Ge (128–441 ppm) in addition to significant Zn concentrations (up to 11 wt.%) and represent a potential resource for these elements. A combination of mineralogical and chemical methods (PXRD, FEG-SEM-EPMA and LA-ICP-MS) indicated different partitioning of Ga and Ge within the individual slag phases. Gallium is predominantly bound in small euhedral crystals of Zn–Fe–Al spinels (<10 μm in size), exhibiting concentrations in the range of 480–1370 ppm (up to 0.004 atoms per formula unit, apfu). Concentrations of Ga in other phases (e.g. melilite) are systematically below 90 ppm. The principal host of Ge is the silicate glass and, to a lesser extent, silicates (melilite and olivine group phases). Concentrations of Ge in glass attained a concentration of 470 ppm (EPMA), but the LA-ICP-MS analysis of glass matrix containing submicrometre spinel crystallites indicated that average Ge levels vary in the range of 113–394 ppm. In the potential extraction of Ga and Ge, the results indicate that ultrafine milling is needed to liberate the Ga- and Ge-hosting phases prior to metallurgical processing of the slag.

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“…c Atoms per formula unit. d Calculated with the End-Members Generator(Ferracutti et al 2015), for spinel group minerals with the formula X 2+ Y 3+ 2O4, for a total charge of 8, normalized here to 1 mol. e Spinel.…”

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confidence: 99%

Geochemistry and petrography of martian meteorite Northwest Africa 11115: A rare earth element-enriched olivine-phyric shergottite closely linked to Northwest Africa 1068

Daswani

Greber

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Determination of the spinel group end-members based on electron microprobe analyses

Cited by 32 publications

References 9 publications

The Effect of Titanium Oxide Additions on the Phase Chemistry and Properties of Chromite-Magnesia Refractories

The Effect of Titanium Oxide Additions on the Phase Chemistry and Properties of Chromite-Magnesia Refractories

Mineralogy of Ga- and Ge-bearing metallurgical slags from Tsumeb, Namibia

Geochemistry and petrography of martian meteorite Northwest Africa 11115: A rare earth element-enriched olivine-phyric shergottite closely linked to Northwest Africa 1068

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