Determination of the Significance of Roof Crush on Head and Neck Injury to Passenger Vehicle Occupants in Rollover Crashes

Rains, Glen C.; Kanianthra, Joseph N.

doi:10.4271/950655

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The seatbelt retractor was locked as the vehicle had rotated by more than 15 • [44]. Although previous studies have indicated that the seatbelt retractor can unlock during a rollover [45][46][47], taking this into account is beyond the scope of this study.…”

Section: Anthropomorphic Test Device Positioningmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reconstruction of a Rollover Crash for Thoracic Injury Etiology Investigation

Tan¹,

Mongiardini²,

Grzebieta³

et al. 2017

Safety

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Abstract:The cause of serious and fatal thoracic injuries in passenger vehicle rollover crashes is currently not well understood. Previous research on thoracic injuries resulting from rollover crashes have focused primarily on statistical analysis of crash data. This study seeks to develop a better understanding of where in the rollover sequence thoracic injuries may occur. To do this, a real-world passenger vehicle rollover crash where the driver sustained serious bilateral thoracic injuries was reconstructed. Multi-body analysis was used to determine the vehicle's pre-trip trajectory and to obtain the vehicle's position and kinematics at the point of trip. This information was then used to prescribe the motion of the vehicle in a finite element analysis. A finite element model of the EuroSID-2re anthropomorphic test device was placed in the driver's seat. Four simulations, each with the anthropomorphic test device positioned in different postures, were performed. Rib deflection, spinal acceleration, and thoracic impact velocity were obtained from the anthropomorphic test device and compared to existing thoracic injury assessment reference values. From the analysis, lateral thoracic impact velocity indicates that a serious thoracic injury is likely to have occurred when the driver impacted the centre console during the vehicle's fourth quarter-turn.

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Section: Anthropomorphic Test Device Positioningmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reconstruction of a Rollover Crash for Thoracic Injury Etiology Investigation

Tan¹,

Mongiardini²,

Grzebieta³

et al. 2017

Safety

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“…For the purpose of assessing the contributions of the resistance force of the vehicle body parts to the roof strength, the windscreen was excluded from the FE model because it makes a variable contribution to the roof strength subjected to different loading scenarios. 3,4,11,16 As shown in Figure 2(a), the final FE model for use in the roof crush tests is the 'body in white' (BIW), car door and spot welds, accounting for a total of 170,301 elements. The side structure of the body in Figure 2(b) depicts three layers which include the inner plate, the reinforcing plate and the outer plate incorporating the A-pillar and the B-pillar.…”

Section: Finite Element Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, in terms of injury mechanics for these cases without ejection, the most predominant trauma are head and neck caused by intrusion of the roof crush into the safety cell. On the other hand, frequent crash data [4][5][6][7][8][9] have also confirmed that a significant number of occupants were killed owing to partial or complete ejection. This ejection is mostly precipitated because side windows break owing to the effect of roof intrusion and to some extent because occupants do not wear seatbelts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual testing for the assessment of a double-sided roof crush based on the newly updated Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 216

Qian

Chirwa

Yang

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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The newly updated Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 216 enhances the requirements of the roof crush behaviour as it particularly focuses on the double-sided test protocol. This test will be mandatory from the year 2012 and will replace the single-sided test. The research presented herein aims at investigating the behaviour of a small European vehicle subjected to this newly updated Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 216 and at assessing the effect of the variation in the loading combination of the pitch angle and the roll angle on the roof crush strength to quantify the difference in the performances. A Ford Fiesta FE model developed at the University of Bolton was refined and validated against the roof crush test. Thereafter a full factorial method was employed to the design of the experiment based on varying the pitch angle and the roll angle. The response functions concerning the resistance force of the double-sided roof were hence constructed with the results from a series of virtual tests based on nine levels of the roll angle and four levels of the pitch angle. Parametric studies were then conducted with respect to the effects of the body structural components, the windscreen and the variations in the roll angle and the pitch angle on the roof strength. The results show that the roll angle and the pitch angle are functions of the roof strength. In general, the roof on the near side performs in a stronger way than the roof on the far side and greatly influences the overall collapse behaviour. Within a crush distance of 127 mm (5 in), the strengths on both sides of the roof decrease as the roll angle varies from 10° to 45°. The variation in the pitch angle influences the resistance force. In addition, the windscreen is found to contribute significantly to the roof strength on the far side, hence demonstrating a strength which is artificially high, not quantifiable and not observed in real-world rollover crashes. From the virtual parametric analysis carried out, it shows once again that the recommended loading-angle combinations in the newly updated Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 216 roof crush test should be a roll angle of 45° (and not 25°) and a pitch angle of 10° (and not 5°) for both near-side and far-side roof load application.

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“…A number of studies that have sought causes of occupant injuries in rollovers have focused on crash attributes or outcomes -the number of quarter rolls [13], the initial vehicle translational speed [16], and the magnitude of roof deformation [11] or post-crash headroom [21] -and on how those attributes correlate to injury rates. But crash attributes and outcomes are not causes.…”

Section: Clarifying Note On Severitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Vehicle-to-Ground Impact Conditions on Rollover Dynamics and Severity

Rose¹,

Beauchamp²,

Fenton³

2008

SAE Technical Paper Series

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This paper explores the influence of the impact conditions on the dynamics and the severity of rollover crashes. Causal connections are sought between the impact conditions and the crash attributes to which they lead. The paper begins by extending previously presented equations that describe the dynamics of an idealized vehicle-to-ground impact. It then considers the behavior of these equations under a variety of impact conditions that occur during real-world rollovers. Specifically, the equations of this impact model are used to explore the ways in which and the extent to which rollover dynamics and severity are influenced by the following factors: (1) the vehicle's shape and its orientation at impact, (2) its weight, center-of-mass location, and roll moment of inertia, (3) its translational speed, (4) its downward velocity, and (5) its roll velocity. Throughout this discussion, data from real-world and staged rollover crashes is used to give the parameter study an empirical basis.

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Determination of the Significance of Roof Crush on Head and Neck Injury to Passenger Vehicle Occupants in Rollover Crashes

Cited by 20 publications

References 1 publication

Reconstruction of a Rollover Crash for Thoracic Injury Etiology Investigation

Reconstruction of a Rollover Crash for Thoracic Injury Etiology Investigation

Virtual testing for the assessment of a double-sided roof crush based on the newly updated Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 216

The Influence of Vehicle-to-Ground Impact Conditions on Rollover Dynamics and Severity

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