Determination of the shell permeability of microcapsules with a core of oil-based active ingredient

Mercadé‐Prieto, Ruben; Allen, Rachael; York, David; Preece, Jon A.; Goodwin, Ted E.; Zhang, Zhibing

doi:10.3109/02652048.2012.658444

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Under appropriate conditions (increase in the temperature or pressure to a certain value, radiation, etc. ), the shell material is destroyed to release the core material, which renders the microcapsules widely applicable in the field of functional materials such as microcapsule-containing essence oils, 1,2 intumescent flame retardants, 3 controlled drug release materials 4 and functional textiles. 5 Nowadays, some new applications of microcapsules have been developed for the advanced field of photonic crystal displays 6 and as phase change materials 7,8 and self-healing materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of synthetic conditions on the performance of melamine–phenol–formaldehyde resin microcapsules

Cheng

et al. 2018

High Performance Polymers

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Melamine (M), phenol (P) and formaldehyde (F) were used as raw materials to synthesize a melamine–phenol–formaldehyde resin (MPF) which was used as shell material to prepare a self-healing microcapsule with E-51 epoxy resin as the core, via in situ polymerization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy and laser particle size analysis were used to characterize the surface morphology, structure and properties of the microcapsule. The influence of the reaction conditions on the properties of the microcapsule was investigated by orthogonal testing. The mass ratio between the MPF shell and the epoxy resin core was found to be 1.2:1.0, optimum pH for shell formation was found to be 3, the emulsification speed was 800 r/min, the acidification speed was 400 r/min and the acidification temperature was 60°C. Under these conditions, the prepared microcapsules are regular and spherical with a smooth, dense surface and uniform particle size with a normal distribution. The microcapsules remained well dispersed and did not aggregate. The orthogonal test revealed that the average particle size and yield of the microcapsules are mainly determined by the core/shell mass ratio, whereas the reaction temperature had a greater impact on the core content of the microcapsules. Although the best microcapsule samples showed poor anti-permeability in ethanol, they exhibited good thermal, isothermal and storage stabilities. This indicates that they may be stored at a constant temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of synthetic conditions on the performance of melamine–phenol–formaldehyde resin microcapsules

Cheng

et al. 2018

High Performance Polymers

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“…In the case of the MF microcapsules, the release of the fragrance would be based on other mechanisms such as diffusion through the polymeric microcapsule wall. Other authors have reported this kind of release due to the permeability of the shell and it is triggered by rubbing caused during the wearing of the footwear …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scent properties by natural fragrance microencapsulation for footwear applications

Sánchez-Navarro

Pérez-Limiñana

Arán-Aı́s

et al. 2015

Polymer International

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The aim of this study was to develop footwear materials and footwear packaging with scent properties using microencapsulated fragrances from essential oils. For that purpose, gelatine-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin-based microcapsules containing limonene were synthesised using complex coacervation and in situ polymerisation processes, respectively. The microcapsules were characterised using various experimental techniques and applied to footwear materials (leather and textile) as well as to paperboard as packaging material to evaluate their performance. The microcapsule durability under various conditions, such as rubbing and ironing, was analysed in order to simulate shoe manufacturing and shoe wearing conditions. The characterisation of the synthesised microcapsules showed two different delivery behaviours. On the one hand, MF microcapsules are more resistant so they may be incorporated into footwear materials that have to be exposed to high mechanical and thermal stresses, such as linings. On the other hand, gelatine-CMC microcapsules should be incorporated into footwear components, such as insoles, which are exposed to lower stresses because they are less resistant and might not resist the process conditions. The combination of both kinds of microcapsules could ensure a rapid as well as a long-lasting fragrance release.

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“…Every time ethanol was added, the MB accumulated in the silica shell had a burst release, and after that the MB in the capsule would again diffuse and accumulate into the shell after a long time. Furthermore, the release rate of capsules depends on the concentration of encapsulated ingredients at the inner and outer side . It is worth noting that the solubility of MB in water–ethanol mixture increases with the addition of ethanol, owing to hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction between MB and ethanol.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

All‐Silica Submicrometer Colloidosomes for Cargo Protection and Tunable Release

Jiang

Hong

et al. 2018

Angew Chem Int Ed

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Colloidosomes have received considerable attention for the controlled delivery of active ingredients in medicine, agrochemicals, and cosmetics. However, most reported colloidosomes are highly permeable and size is larger than 1 μm. All silica colloidosomes have now been prepared with adjustable size, compact shell and low permeability. Our approach is based on the formation of inverse water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions stabilized solely by hydrophobic silica nanoparticles and subsequent locking of the particle at the oil-water interface by a simple sol-gel reaction of silica precursor at room temperature. The colloidosomes obtained display a robust and closed shell, ensuring a long-term retention of small hydrophilic molecules such as Methylene Blue. Remarkably, unlike all other reported silica colloidosomes, a timely and stepwise release of the encapsulated cargo can be triggered by adding ethanol or surfactant without destroying the capsule shell.

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Determination of the shell permeability of microcapsules with a core of oil-based active ingredient

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

Influence of synthetic conditions on the performance of melamine–phenol–formaldehyde resin microcapsules

Influence of synthetic conditions on the performance of melamine–phenol–formaldehyde resin microcapsules

Scent properties by natural fragrance microencapsulation for footwear applications

All‐Silica Submicrometer Colloidosomes for Cargo Protection and Tunable Release

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