Determination of the optimum temperatures and mass ratios of steam injected into turbocharged internal combustion engines

Abstract

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Investigation of the influences of steam injection on the equilibrium combustion products and thermodynamic properties of bio fuels (biodiesels and alcohols)

“…Therefore, this method can reduce the exhaust emissions, especially NO emissions, while the engine performance increases [33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Another marked result of this study is that less CO, CO 2 and NO are formed by combustion of the alcohols [ETH and METH] compared to DF and biodiesels at the same equivalence ratios.…”

“…There are various methods so as to reduce NOx emissions such as exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), the water usage methods (direct water injection (DWI), fumigation, emulsion). Since EGR decrease the engine performance considerably [31,32], classical water usage methods lower the quality of lubrication oil and increase the attrition rate of moving parts of the engine [33], recently, steam injection method has been proposed and used by engine researchers [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][43][44][45] in order to reduce NOx emissions and improve the engine performance.…”

Comprehensive performance analyses and optimization of the irreversible thermodynamic cycle engines (TCE) under maximum power (MP) and maximum power density (MPD) conditions

“…They [56][57] experimentally and theoretically investigated the performance and NOx emissions of miller cycle diesel engine with steam injection method and also they [58] theoretically determined the optimum steam temperatures and mass ratios based on thermo dynamical analyses for turbocharged internal combustion engines. Durmayaz et al [59] reviewed the optimization studies of thermal systems by considering different objective functions based on FTT and thermo economics.…”

Comparative performance analyses of irreversible OMCE (Otto Miller cycle engine)-DiMCE (Diesel miller cycle engine)-DMCE (Dual Miller cycle engine)

“…The effect of miller cycle parametrically was investigated [38], also they carried out combustion simulations [39]. In another study [40], the optimum values of steam temperatures and mass ratios were theoretically defined depending on thermo dynamical analyses and they [41] compared the effective efficiency, effective power and formation of NO emissions of steam injected and miller cycle diesel engine. Gonca et al [42] investigated the heat transfer influences on the performance of an irreversible DMC (Dual-Miller cycle) engine.…”