Determination of the Novel Insecticide Flupyradifurone and Its Two Metabolites in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines Using Modified QuEChERS and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2022

Molecules

Self Cite

The massive use of pesticides has brought great risks to food and environmental safety. It is necessary to develop reliable analytical methods and evaluate risks through monitoring studies. Here, a method was used for the simultaneous determination of flupyradifurone (FPF) and its two metabolites in fresh ginseng, dried ginseng, ginseng plants, and soil. The method exhibited good accuracy (recoveries of 72.8–97.5%) and precision (relative standard deviations of 1.1–8.5%). The field experiments demonstrated that FPF had half-lives of 4.5–7.9 d and 10.0–16.9 d in ginseng plants and soil, respectively. The concentrations of total terminal residues in soil, ginseng plants, dried ginseng, and ginseng were less than 0.516, 2.623, 2.363, and 0.641 mg/kg, respectively. Based on these results, the soil environmental risk assessment shows that the environmental risk of FPF to soil organisms is acceptable. The processing factors for FPF residues in ginseng were 3.82–4.59, indicating that the concentration of residues increased in ginseng after drying. A dietary risk assessment showed that the risk of FPF residues from long-term and short-term dietary exposures to global consumers were 0.1–0.4% and 12.07–13.16%, respectively, indicating that the application of FPF to ginseng at the recommended dose does not pose a significant risk to consumers.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissipation, Processing Factors and Dietary Risk Assessment for Flupyradifurone Residues in Ginseng

Fang

et al. 2022

Molecules

Self Cite

“…In this study, the sample clean-up process involved three typical clean-up agents, C18, PSA, and GCB. Notably, C18 can remove nonpolar and medium-polar compounds from polar samples; PSA mainly removes organic acids, pigments, sugars, and fats in nonpolar samples; and GCB is a weakly polar or nonpolar adsorbent that can remove impurities such as hydrophobic compounds like chlorophyll and carotenoids [23,26].…”

Section: Optimization Of Extraction and Purification Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Residue Analysis of Phthalanilic Acid in Cereals and Oilseed Rape by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Zhou²,

Yu³

et al. 2022

Journal of Chemistry

Phthalanilic acid is widely used in wheat and oilseed rape fields in China, but there is no analysis method to detect its residues in wheat and oilseed rape substrates. To accurately evaluate the health and environmental impact of phthalanilic acid residues on wheat gains and rapeseeds, it is urgent to establish a reliable analytical method for its detection. In this study, a rapid and sensitive method was developed based on QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS to detect phthalanilic acid in cereals (wheat, rice, corn, and millet), wheat straw, and rapeseeds. Optimization of the detection conditions showed that the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid solution had the best chromatographic resolution and sensitivity. The average recovery rates of phthalanilic acid in cereals, wheat straw, and rapeseeds ranged from 88% to 113% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1%–6%. There were good linear relationships with the correlation coefficients (r) higher than 0.9990 at concentrations of 0.01–5 mg L−1. The limits of quantification (LOQ) for phthalanilic acid in cereals, wheat straw, and rapeseeds were 0.01 mg kg−1, 0.05 mg kg−1, and 0.02 mg kg−1, respectively. These results show that the method established in this study is convenient and reliable for routine monitoring of phthalanilic acid in cereals, wheat straw, and rapeseeds.

“…monitored for food safety. Currently, studies on FPD in China have been limited to the establishment of analytical methods in traditional Chinese herbal medicines, fruits, vegetables, and nuts (Fang et al, 2020;Li et al, 2016Li et al, , 2018Mahdavi et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The silverleaf whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci ) is a major pest during the growth stage of pepper, which can significantly reduce its yield (Buddidathi et al, 2016; Yang et al, 2010). Flupyradifurone (FPD, Figure 1) is a novel butenolide insecticide produced by Bayer Crop Science, which has a substantial effect on B. tabaci in pepper (Fang et al, 2020; Nauen et al, 2015). Currently in China, 17% flupyradifurone soluble concentrate (SL) is being registered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, FPD and the residue of its toxicological metabolites in pepper should be stringently monitored for food safety. Currently, studies on FPD in China have been limited to the establishment of analytical methods in traditional Chinese herbal medicines, fruits, vegetables, and nuts (Fang et al, 2020; Li et al, 2016, 2018; Mahdavi et al, 2021). However, there is no information on FPD residues in pepper during cultivation or processing under field conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Determination, residue analysis, dietary risk assessment, and processing of flupyradifurone and its metabolites in pepper under field conditions using LC–MS/MS

Feng

Biomedical Chromatography

Bian

et al. 2022

An effective method based on LC-MS/MS was established to determine the concentrations of flupyradifurone, difluoroacetic acid, and 6-chloronicotinic acid in pepper. On the basis of this method, the dissipation, processing factor, and dietary risk of flupyradifurone in pepper were investigated. The results show that the half-life of flupyradifurone in peppers was 2.6-3.8 days. The terminal residual concentration of flupyradifurone in the supervised trials was not higher than the maximum residue limit (MRL) for pepper in the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) (0.9 mg kg À1 ) with the highest residual values of 0.53 mg kg À1 . The national estimated daily intake of flupyradifurone was 0.00094 mg kg À1 , based on the dietary structure of Chinese consumers and the terminal residues under field conditions. The risk quotient for flupyradifurone was 0.012, which was significantly < 1. The processing factor of flupyradifurone in dried pepper was 10.9-14.2, which indicated that drying increased the residual amounts of flupyradifurone in dried pepper, but the residual concentration was still lower than its MRL of 9 mg kg À1 established by CAC.