Determination of the molecular signature of fossil conifers by experimental palaeochemotaxonomy – Part 1: The Araucariaceae family

Lu, YueHan; Hautevelle, Yann; Michels, Raymond

doi:10.5194/bg-10-1943-2013

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…07, 93.08, 95.09, 107.09, 109.09, 119.09, 121.10, and 137.14 that follow the terpene patterns correspond well to the molecular formulas C 6 H 9 + , C 7 H 9 + , C 7 H 11 + , C 8 H 11 + , C 8 H 13 + , C 9 H 11 + , C 9 H 13 + , and C 10 H 17 + , respectively (Maleknia et al, 2007). Furthermore, some additional peaks of positive and negative ions provide enough evidence to recognize specific terpenes as reported previously (Lu, Hautevelle, & Michels, 2013…”

Section: 1002/2017jg004144supporting

confidence: 81%

“…Indeed, the masses at 81.07, 93.08, 95.09, 107.09, 109.09, 119.09, 121.10, and 137.14 that follow the terpene patterns correspond well to the molecular formulas C 6 H 9 + , C 7 H 9 + , C 7 H 11 + , C 8 H 11 + , C 8 H 13 + , C 9 H 11 + , C 9 H 13 + , and C 10 H 17 + , respectively (Maleknia et al, ). Furthermore, some additional peaks of positive and negative ions provide enough evidence to recognize specific terpenes as reported previously (Lu, Hautevelle, & Michels, , and references therein): (1) Myrcene/limonene/pinene: C 5 H 7 + (67.06), C 5 H 8 + (68.06), C 7 H 9 + (93.07), C 9 H 13 + (121.10), C 10 H 15 + (135.12), and C 10 H 16 + (136.13); (2) Linalool: 121.10, 71.05, 154.14; (3) Cadinene: 70.07, 134.11, 161.13, 204.19; (4) Cadalene: C 15 H 18 + (198.14), and C 14 H 15 * (183.13); (5) Cadalane: C 14 H 25 + (193.19), C 15 H 27 + (207.21), and C 15 H 28 * (208.22); (6) Cyclofamesane: C 9 H 17 + (125.13), C 15 H 29 + (209.23), and C 15 H 30 * (210.23); (7) Norcadalene: C 13 H 13 + (169.10), C 14 H 15 + (183.12), and C 14 H 16 (184.13); (8) Pentametyl dihydroindene: C 13 H 17 + (173.13), C 14 H 19 + (187.15), and C 14 H 20 * (188.16); (9) Dehydroabietic acid: C 17 H 27 + (231.21), and C 20 H 27 O 2 − (299.20); (10) Abietic acid (Figure ): C 19 H 29 + (257.23), and C 20 H 29 O 2 − (301.21); and (11) Tetrahydroretene (Figure ): C 15 H 15 + (195.12), C 18 H 27 + (237.17), and C 18 H 22 * (238.17).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

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Productivity Contribution of Paleozoic Woodlands to the Formation of Shale‐Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (Tharsis, Spain)

et al. 2018

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The geological materials produced during catastrophic and destructive events are an essential source of paleobiological knowledge. The paleobiological information recorded by such events can be rich in information on the size, diversity, and structure of paleocommunities. In this regard, the geobiological study of late Devonian organic matter sampled in Tharsis (Iberian Pyrite Belt) provided some new insights into a Paleozoic woodland community, which was recorded as massive sulfides and black shale deposits affected by a catastrophic event. Sample analysis using TOF‐SIMS (Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometer), and complemented by GC/MS (Gas Chromatrograph/Mass Spectrometer) identified organic compounds showing a very distinct distribution in the rock. While phytochemical compounds occur homogeneously in the sample matrix that is composed of black shale, the microbial‐derived organics are more abundant in the sulfide nodules. The cooccurrence of sulfur bacteria compounds and the overwhelming presence of phytochemicals provide support for the hypothesis that the formation of the massive sulfides resulted from a high rate of vegetal debris production and its oxidation through sulfate reduction under suboxic to anoxic conditions. A continuous supply of iron from hydrothermal activity coupled with microbial activity was strictly necessary to produce this massive orebody. A rough estimate of the woodland biomass was made possible by accounting for the microbial sulfur production activity recorded in the metallic sulfide. As a result, the biomass size of the late Devonian woodland community was comparable to modern woodlands like the Amazon or Congo rainforests.

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Section: 1002/2017jg004144supporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Productivity Contribution of Paleozoic Woodlands to the Formation of Shale‐Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (Tharsis, Spain)

et al. 2018

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“…The process and controls of resin polymerisation and maturation across different amber chemistries is not well understood. Further experimental work (see Hautevelle et al, ; Lu, Hautevelle & Michels, ) on maturation would help us understand chemical changes within the resin (and any fossils trapped within it), but also confirm what molecular compositions are unaffected by the maturation process and any weathering. This would aid us in understanding the original environment and perhaps why that resin was exuded.…”

Section: The Future Of Fossil Resin Researchmentioning

confidence: 98%

Production and preservation of resins – past and present

et al. 2018

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Amber is fossilised plant resin. It can be used to provide insights into the terrestrial conditions at the time the original resin was exuded. Amber research thus can inform many aspects of palaeontology, from the recovery and description of enclosed fossil organisms (biological inclusions) to attempts at reconstruction of past climates and environments. Here we focus on the resin itself, the conditions under which it may have been exuded, and its potential path to fossilisation, rather than on enclosed fossils. It is noteworthy that not all plants produce resin, and that not all resins can (nor do) become amber. Given the recent upsurge in the number of amber deposits described, it is time to re-examine ambers from a botanical perspective. Here we summarise the state of knowledge about resin production in modern ecosystems, and review the biological and ecological aspects of resin production in plants. We also present new observations on conifer-derived resin exudation, with a particular focus on araucarian conifer trees. We suggest that besides disease, insect attacks and traumatic wounding from fires and storms, other factors such as tree architecture and local soil conditions are significant in creating and preserving resin outpourings. We also examine the transformation of resin into amber (maturation), focusing on geological aspects of amber deposit formation and preservation. We present new evidence that expands previous understanding of amber deposit formation. Specific geological conditions such as anoxic burial are essential in the creation of amber from resin deposits. We show that in the past, the production of large amounts of resin could have been linked to global climate changes and environmental disruption. We then highlight where the gaps in our knowledge still remain and potential future research directions.

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“…Smith et al, 2007;Handley et al, 2008;Whiteside et al, 2010;Diefendorf et al, 2011). Many studies have focused on the alteration of terpenoids and n-alkyl compounds within sediments and oils (ten Haven and Rullkötter, 1988;ten Haven et al, 1992;Killops and Frewin, 1994;Rullkötter et al, 1994;Otto and Simoneit, 2001;Nakamura et al, 2010); however few studies have examined how these compounds are altered from their original biological structures (Gupta et al, 2007a;Lu et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of thermal maturation on plant-derived terpenoids and leaf wax n-alkyl components

Diefendorf

Sberna

Taylor

2015

Organic Geochemistry

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Plant biomarkers, such as terpenoids and leaf wax components (n-alkanes, n-alkanoic acids and nalkanols), are frequently found in sediments and can be used, often in association with stable carbon (and hydrogen) isotope measurements, as paleovegetation and paleoclimate proxies. However, few controlled studies have monitored plant biomarker alteration to determine if certain plant biomarkers are preferentially lost relative to more recalcitrant forms.To investigate the role of selective alteration and degradation of plant biomarkers, hydrous pyrolysis was used to artificially mature leaves from four plant species, including the deciduous angiosperms Acer rubrum and Platanus occidentalis, the deciduous conifer Taxodium distichum and the evergreen conifer Pinus sylvestris. Leaves were artificially matured at temperatures ranging from 150 to 330 °C for 72 h to simulate maturation. With increasing temperature, functionalized di-and triterpenoidyields decreased, with a greater loss of triterpenoids at lower temperature. Both diterpene and triterpene yield increased during maturation up to 310 to 320 ºC. A greater amount of diterpenes and triterpenes was generated for P. sylvestris and A. rubrum, respectively, and might be related to differences in terpenoid starting composition. Terpenols were preferentially converted to terpenes over terpenoic acids. Taken together, hydrous pyrolysis of plant biomarkers indicates that paleovegetation reconstruction from terpenoids can be informative, but only as a qualitative vegetation proxy. The n-alkane yield largely increased up to 320 ºC,whereas the n-alkanol yiels mainly decreased with increased maturity. The n-alkanoic acids initially increased, but then decreased. The stable carbon isotopic composition (δ 13 C) of the n-alkanes was generally, though not universally, constant up to 200 ºC. Above this, the δ 13 C values of individual chain length hydrocarbons, for some species, changed by ca. 2‰. This suggests that n-alkane δ 13 C values should be unaltered in immature rocks, but can vary in the catagenic stage of maturation (oil window).

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Determination of the molecular signature of fossil conifers by experimental palaeochemotaxonomy – Part 1: The Araucariaceae family

Cited by 34 publications

References 52 publications

Productivity Contribution of Paleozoic Woodlands to the Formation of Shale‐Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (Tharsis, Spain)

Productivity Contribution of Paleozoic Woodlands to the Formation of Shale‐Hosted Massive Sulfide Deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (Tharsis, Spain)

Production and preservation of resins – past and present

Effect of thermal maturation on plant-derived terpenoids and leaf wax n-alkyl components

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