Determination of the 
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 Neutron Distribution Radius from a Parity-Violating Electron Scattering Measurement

Androić, D.; Armstrong, David; Bartlett, K.; Beminiwattha, R.; Benesch, J.; Benmokhtar, F.; Bírchall, J.; Carlini, R.; Cornejo, J. C.; Dusa, S. Covrig; Dalton, M. M.; Davis, C. A.; Deconinck, W.; Dowd, J. F.; Dunne, J.; Dutta, D.; Duvall, W. S.; Elaasar, M.; Falk, W.R.; Finn, J. M.; Forest, Tony A.; Gal, C.; Gaskell, D.; Gray, V. M.; Grimm, K.; Guo, Fang; Hoskins, J. R.; Jones, D.; Jones, M.; Kargiantoulakis, M.; King, Paul M.; Korkmaz, E.; Kowalski, S.; Leacock, J.; Leckey, J.; Lee, A R; Lee, J H; Lee, L; MacEwan, S.; Mack, D.; Magee, J. A.; Mahurin, R.; Mammei, J.; Martin, J. W.; McHugh, M. J.; Meekins, D.; Mesick, K. E.; Michaels, R.; Micherdzińska, A.; Mkrtchyan, A.; Mkrtchyan, H.; Narayan, A.; Ndukum, L. Z.; Nelyubin, V.; Nuruzzaman, Md.; Oers, W. T. H. van; Owen, V.; Page, S. A.; Pan, Jing; Paschke, K.; Phillips, S. K.; Pitt, M. L.; Radloff, Robert; Rajotte, Jean-François; Ramsay, W. D.; Roche, J.; Sawatzky, B.; Ševa, T.; Shabestari, M.; Silwal, R.; Šimičević, N.; Smith, G. R.; Solvignon, P.; Spayde, D. T.; Subedi, A.; Suleiman, R.; Tadevosyan, V.; Tobias, W. A.; Tvaskis, V.; Waidyawansa, B.; Wang, P; Wells, S. P.; Wood, S. A.; Yang, Shin Nan; Zang, P.; Zhamkochyan, S.; Christy, M. E.; Horowitz, C. J.; Fattoyev, F. J.; Lin, Zidu

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.128.132501

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The analysis of this measurement is ongoing but we expect a sensitivity to R n in 48 Ca of ± 0.7%. Finally, the Qweak collaboration has measured electron scattering from 27 Al [92]. Note because of the limited energy resolution of the Qweak spectrometer ±100 MeV this experiment is limited by systematic errors from inelastic contributions rather than from statistics.…”

Section: Experimental Landscape Ii: Input To Low-energy Neutrino Physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron scattering and neutrino physics

Ankowski,

Ashkenazi,

Bacca

et al. 2023

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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A thorough understanding of neutrino–nucleus scattering physics is crucial for the successful execution of the entire US neutrino physics program. Neutrino–nucleus interaction constitutes one of the biggest systematic uncertainties in neutrino experiments—both at intermediate energies affecting long-baseline deep underground neutrino experiment, as well as at low energies affecting coherent scattering neutrino program—and could well be the difference between achieving or missing discovery level precision. To this end, electron–nucleus scattering experiments provide vital information to test, assess and validate different nuclear models and event generators intended to test, assess and validate different nuclear models and event generators intended to be used in neutrino experiments. Similarly, for the low-energy neutrino program revolving around the coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering (CEvNS) physics at stopped pion sources, such as at ORNL, the main source of uncertainty in the evaluation of the CEvNS cross section is driven by the underlying nuclear structure, embedded in the weak form factor, of the target nucleus. To this end, parity-violating electron scattering (PVES) experiments, utilizing polarized electron beams, provide vital model-independent information in determining weak form factors. This information is vital in achieving a percent level precision needed to disentangle new physics signals from the standard model expected CEvNS rate. In this white paper, we highlight connections between electron- and neutrino–nucleus scattering physics at energies ranging from 10 s of MeV to a few GeV, review the status of ongoing and planned electron scattering experiments, identify gaps, and lay out a path forward that benefits the neutrino community. We also highlight the systemic challenges with respect to the divide between the nuclear and high-energy physics communities and funding that presents additional hurdles in mobilizing these connections to the benefit of neutrino programs.

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Section: Experimental Landscape Ii: Input To Low-energy Neutrino Physicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron scattering and neutrino physics

Ankowski,

Ashkenazi,

Bacca

et al. 2023

J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.

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“…The renormalization program for QED requires three renormalization constants, from three renormalization conditions computed from the fermion gap equation (31), that provide Z 1 (= Z 2 ) and Z 0 , and the equivalent photon gap equation (37), which determines Z 3 . Note that with the above definitions, the coupling constant is renormalized by √ Z 3 and the combination g 2 D(k 2 ) is independent of the renormalization scale.…”

Section: Renormalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To simplify the notation, from now on, in the renormalized equations we will omit the suffix (phys). The renormalized fermion gap equation (31) reads…”

Section: Renormalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, Γ µν has been considered long ago in the study of non-linear interactions between electromagnetic fields that include light by light scattering, two-quantum pair creation, and the scattering of light by an external electromagnetic field [25,26]. It is also responsible for the main contribution of the two-photon exchange corrections to the electronproton and electron-hadron processes [27][28][29][30][31] that determine the nucleon and nuclear form factors, it impacts in the electro-production cross section of resonances and pions, in the γZ interference in parity-violating electron scattering, etc. The two-photon-two-fermion vertex is also relevant in the computation of the muonic-hydrogen Lamb shift and hyperfine splitting of muonic atoms [32][33][34][35][36], in the calculation of the muon magnetic anomaly, see [37] and references therein, and for the extraction of the proton charge radius, see [38] for a recent review and references therein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Dyson-Schwinger equations and the solution of QED: exploring the two-photon-two-fermion irreducible vertex

Oliveira¹,

Lessa²,

Terin³

2022

Preprint

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A minimal truncated set of Dyson-Schwinger equations that allow exploring the non-perturbative regime of QED is derived for a general linear covariant gauge. This minimal set includes the propagators, the the photon-fermion, and the two-photon-two-fermion vertices. If the equations for the first three quantities are exact, to build a closed set of equations, the last one is truncated ignoring further higher-order Green functions. We also show that the truncated equation reproduces the lowest order perturbative result for the two-photon-two-fermion vertex in the limit of the small coupling constant. Then, the two-photon-two-fermion irreducible vertex is studied by combining the corresponding Ward-Takahashi identity with the Dyson-Schwinger equation. The longitudinal part of this irreducible vertex is computed from the Ward-Takahashi identity, which is solved in the low energy limit when one of the photons has zero energy (soft photon limit). For this kinematical configuration, the general expression for the vertex is derived and its form factors related to the photon-fermion vertex and fermion propagator. Contents I. Introduction and Motivation II. Quantum Electrodynamics -definitions and generating functionals III. The Dyson-Schwinger Equations A. The fermion gap equation B. The Dyson-Schwinger equation for the photon propagator C. A Dyson-Schwinger equation for the photon-fermion vertex IV. Ward-Takahashi Identities V. Renormalization VI. The two-photon-two-fermion one-particle irreducible vertex A. The longitudinal component of Γ µν from the Ward-Takahashi identity 1. Solving the contracted Ward-Takahashi identity 2. Low momenta solution of the Ward-Takahashi identity 3. Tensor basis for Γ µν and the solution of the Ward-Takahashi Idendity VII. The Dyson-Schwinger equation for Γ µν A. Exploring further the DSE for the two-photon-two-fermion vertex VIII.

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Looking at QED with Dyson–Schwinger Equations: Basic Equations, Ward–Takahashi Identities and the Two-Photon-Two-Fermion Irreducible Vertex

2023

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A minimal truncated set of the integral Dyson–Schwinger equations, in Minkowski spacetime, that allows to explore QED beyond its perturbative solution is derived for general linear covariant gauges. The minimal set includes the equations for the fermion and photon propagators, the photon-fermion vertex, and the two-photon-two-fermion one-particle-irreducible diagram. If the first three equations are exact, to build a closed set of equations, the two-photon-two-fermion equation is truncated ignoring the contribution of Green functions with large number of external legs. It is shown that the truncated equation for the two-photon-two-fermion vertex reproduces the lowest-order perturbative result in the limit of the small coupling constant. Furthermore, this equation allows to define an iterative procedure to compute higher order corrections in the coupling constant. The Ward–Takahashi identity for the two-photon-two-fermion irreducible vertex is derived and solved in the soft photon limit, where one of the photon momenta vanish, in the low photon momenta limit and for general kinematics. The solution of the Ward–Takahashi identity determines the longitudinal component of the two-photon-two-fermion irreducible vertex, while it is proposed to use the Dyson–Schwinger equation to determine the transverse part of this irreducible diagram. The two-photon-two-fermion DSE is solved in heavy fermion limit, considering a simplified version of the QED vertices. The contribution of this irreducible vertex to a low-energy effective photon-fermion vertex is discussed and the fermionic operators that are generated are computed in terms of the fermion propagator functions.

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Determination of the Al27 Neutron Distribution Radius from a Parity-Violating Electron Scattering Measurement

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Electron scattering and neutrino physics

Electron scattering and neutrino physics

The Dyson-Schwinger equations and the solution of QED: exploring the two-photon-two-fermion irreducible vertex

Looking at QED with Dyson–Schwinger Equations: Basic Equations, Ward–Takahashi Identities and the Two-Photon-Two-Fermion Irreducible Vertex

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