Determination of the material-recyclable share of SRF during co-processing in the cement industry

Viczek, Sandra Antonia; Aldrian, Alexia; Pomberger, Roland; Šarc, Renato

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104696

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Table 4 gives the results of ash analyses for SRF secondary and SRF primary as well as literature values for the ash composition of fossil fuels. Results are consistent with those of Viczek et al (2020a) and Viczek et al (2021a), with an average of 69% of the ash consisting of the four main chemical components required for the production of cement clinker Al 2 O 3 , CaO, Fe 2 O 3 and SiO 2 . Taking only these four element oxides into account (R-index 4 ), 11.8% DM of the SRF can be considered as recycled in the cement kiln.…”

Section: Ash Constituents and R-indexsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…A total of 17 samples of SRF produced in Austria and Slovakia in 2020 were analysed, six of which were intended for primary firing in the cement industry (P1-6, SRF primary) and 11 for secondary firing (S1-11, SRF secondary). These types of SRF are defined as follows (Viczek et al, 2020a) 2011c)) suitable for the use in secondary firing (calciner, kiln inlet or hot disc combustion chamber, etc.) in the kiln system of cement manufacturing plants.…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-processing of solid recovered fuels from mixed municipal and commercial waste in the cement industry – A pathway to a circular economy

Šarc

Viczek

2023

Waste Manag Res

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With global municipal solid waste generation increasing steadily, the importance of high-quality, environmentally friendly waste valorization methods is rising, too. Most countries have set themselves ambitious recycling goals and follow a waste hierarchy in which recycling is more preferable than energy recovery. This article focuses on a waste treatment option that already is an integral part of waste management in some countries and enables the simultaneous recovery of energy and mineral constituents: the production of solid recovered fuels (SRFs) from mixed municipal and commercial waste and their use in the cement industry is often referred to as co-processing. The state of the art of SRF production is described and the first comprehensive dataset for SRF samples including major constituents, heavy metal and metalloid contents, energy- and CO2-emission-relevant parameters, ash constituents and the material-recyclable share of SRF is presented. Additionally, a comparison with fossil fuels is given. It is concluded that SRF from state-of-the-art production plants complies with strict limit values for heavy metals, has an average biogenic carbon content of 60%, and its application in the cement industry can be considered as partial recycling (14.5%) and partial energy recovery (85.5%). Leaving no residues to be dealt with, co-processing of waste in the cement industry therefore offers many benefits and can support the shift from a linear to a circular economy.

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Section: Ash Constituents and R-indexsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-processing of solid recovered fuels from mixed municipal and commercial waste in the cement industry – A pathway to a circular economy

Šarc

Viczek

2023

Waste Manag Res

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“…The authors experimentally found that SRF is mainly (about 60 %) composed of paper, textiles, and woodbiogenic materials; the rest of SRF contains mixed plastics. In [15], it was checked that co-firing SRF with fossil fuels can bring economic and environmental benefits in reduced fossil fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions. According to the statement [16], every 5−10 % decrease in the cement production carbon dioxide intensity by 2050 could reduce emissions by around 0.4•10 9 t CO 2 and contribute to slowing climate change and global warming.…”

Section: Development Of Technological Line For Solid Recovered Fuel P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of technological line for solid recovered fuel production and its utilization in the cement industry: the case study of Lithuania

Пітак

Baltušnikas

Čėsnienė

et al. 2022

EEJET

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This experimental research was purposed to investigate the production and energy potential of solid recovered fuel (SRF), obtained by extraction of prohibited materials, shredding and drying, from refuse-derived fuel (RDF) to use as an alternative fuel in the cement industry of Lithuania. The characteristics of the obtained RDF by separating the biological fraction from the mainstream of municipal solid waste (MSW) have been determined and compared with the criteria set by developing countries. According to EN15359, currently available RDF can't be called SRF and used as an alternative fuel in a cement kiln. The SRF production line by adding six additional technological units to the existing MBT line was developed. The calculation of the SRF production line was carried out and made 1.89 t/h. At the end of the production process of SRF from RDF, the moisture content (MC) of the obtained SRF decreased by 90 %. After the drying stage, the volume of SRF decreased by 19 %. The process of preparing SRF allowed increasing the net calorific value (NCV) by 22.1 % to 28.2 MJ/kg by reducing the MC. The obtained SRF had a high NCV, low MC, permissible Cl and Hg contents. Two scenarios of waste generation in the Alytus region until 2030 have been developed. Based on the waste generation scenarios results, the proposed SRF production line will provide 12 % of the additional fuel for clinker firing during the analyzed period. A cost analysis to assess the economic and environmental savings from the use of SRF was performed. The results showed that adding 12 % of SRF as a replacement fuel, equal to 1.86 t/h, to the coal used in the cement kiln would save 860 USD/h in coal costs. At the same time, it will emit 5.96 t/h of CO2 into the atmosphere, and the net savings will amount to 1,131 USD/h.

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“…With respect to the combustibles these recovery routes include among others: Consequently, previous projects investigated the combustibles with respect to the (co-) incineration in existing facilities considering not only calorific properties but also the content of heavy metals [7] as these restrict the valorization options of RDF by coincineration [19]. For those cases in which the combustibles fulfil the requirements for coincineration in the cement industry, the inorganic constituents of the RDF are incorporated into the mineral phases of the clinker contributing to its desired hydraulic properties, which justifies to address the share of RDF used on a material level as "recycling index" [73]. In contrast, for those cases in which contaminant concentrations exceed limit values for Processes 2021, 9, 394 6 of 20 RDF, energy recovery in MSWI plants is the state-of-the-art option.…”

Section: Thermochemical Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The EU Training Network for Resource Recovery through Enhanced Landfill Mining—A Review

2021

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The “European Union Training Network for Resource Recovery Through Enhanced Landfill Mining (NEW-MINE)” was a European research project conducted between 2016 and 2020 to investigate the exploration of and resource recovery from landfills as well as the processing of the excavated waste and the valorization of the obtained waste fractions using thermochemical processes. This project yielded more than 40 publications ranging from geophysics via mechanical process engineering to ceramics, which have not yet been discussed coherently in a review publication. This article summarizes and links the NEW-MINE publications and discusses their practical applicability in waste management systems. Within the NEW-MINE project in a first step concentrates of specific materials (e.g., metals, combustibles, inert materials) were produced which might be used as secondary raw materials. In a second step, recycled products (e.g., inorganic polymers, functional glass-ceramics) were produced from these concentrates at the lab scale. However, even if secondary raw materials or recycled products could be produced at a large scale, it remains unclear if they can compete with primary raw materials or products from primary raw materials. Given the ambitions of transition towards a more circular economy, economic incentives are required to make secondary raw materials or recycled products from enhanced landfill mining (ELFM) competitive in the market.

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Determination of the material-recyclable share of SRF during co-processing in the cement industry

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

Co-processing of solid recovered fuels from mixed municipal and commercial waste in the cement industry – A pathway to a circular economy

Co-processing of solid recovered fuels from mixed municipal and commercial waste in the cement industry – A pathway to a circular economy

Development of technological line for solid recovered fuel production and its utilization in the cement industry: the case study of Lithuania

The EU Training Network for Resource Recovery through Enhanced Landfill Mining—A Review

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