Determination of the Functional Hierarchy in Multifocal Epilepsy

Discussion on the Causes of Failure of Surgical Treatment of Partial Epilepsies

“…The point is that at present, the physiopathological meaning and the diagnostic information of the ictal discharges are more easily understood than those of the interictal ones. Automatic elaboration of the electrocerebral signals appears quite prom ising in improving our understanding of the physiopathological signifi cance of interictal epileptic activity [4,5]. It might be that in the future we can extract from it the information to overcome the difficulties and uncertainties discussed above.…”

Neuromagnetic Evidence of Spatially Distributed Sources Underlying Epileptiform Spikes in the Human Brain

“…Examination of the precise timing of the interictal spike recorded sim'ultaneously from a number of scalp locations in the electroencephalogram (EEG) indicates that these spikes frequently differ in wave shape and latency at different sites; thus, the recorded discharge often appears to be composed of separately firing generators within the epileptic zone (2). The impression of multiple generators is confirmed by recordings obtained from indwelling electrodes (3).…”

“…The nature of the neuronal changes in the mammalian nervous system encoding learned responses, even simple learned motor responses, has proven to be one of the most elusive and baffling problems in science (1,2). Perhaps the greatest impediment to the elucidation of these neuronal changes has been the problem of localization.…”

“…Perhaps the greatest impediment to the elucidation of these neuronal changes has been the problem of localization. Within basic associative learning (classical conditioning), however, this problem finally appears to be yielding (2)(3)(4)(5).…”