“…Vacher et al (1999b) suggested to use the strain velocity map between two subsequent images in the DIC analysis to determine when the strain field is no longer homogeneous.…”
Sheet metal formability is traditionally described by the Forming Limit Curve were observed between the results reported by different laboratories. The main limitation of the standard method for detection of forming limits is that its application is limited to cases where a single local neck is formed in the metal sheet prior to fracture. In the case of multiple local necks, the samples are simply discarded. Furthermore, the standard method does not include any guidelines to distinguish the failure by local necking and direct failure by fracture. One of the advantages of DIC over the traditional etched-grid technique is that the former allows us to obtain not only the strain distribution but also its history.This allows for alternative methods for detection of forming limit strains. This paper introduces a DIC-based method which was specially developed to handle
“…Vacher et al (1999b) suggested to use the strain velocity map between two subsequent images in the DIC analysis to determine when the strain field is no longer homogeneous.…”
Sheet metal formability is traditionally described by the Forming Limit Curve were observed between the results reported by different laboratories. The main limitation of the standard method for detection of forming limits is that its application is limited to cases where a single local neck is formed in the metal sheet prior to fracture. In the case of multiple local necks, the samples are simply discarded. Furthermore, the standard method does not include any guidelines to distinguish the failure by local necking and direct failure by fracture. One of the advantages of DIC over the traditional etched-grid technique is that the former allows us to obtain not only the strain distribution but also its history.This allows for alternative methods for detection of forming limit strains. This paper introduces a DIC-based method which was specially developed to handle
“…Description of macroscopic (decimetric) tooling was detailed elsewhere [7]. The macroscopic sheet metal testing system (decimetric device) is composed of an upper die, a lower blank holder and a punch.…”
The effects of punch geometry and sample size on forming limit diagrams in expansion are investigated in the case of a 2024 aluminium alloy. Four configurations were selected: flat punch (Marciniak test) or hemispheric punch and decimetric vs. centimetric tooling dimensions. Both decimetric and centimetric deep-drawing devices are associated with an image correlation tool that allows to identify without any contact the deformation on the surface of planar or non-planar specimens. Strains on the surface of the samples are observed by means of a double numerisation in three dimensions of the sample before and after deformation by using stereoscopic vision and triangulation. Finally, deep-drawing limit of the four configurations are compared in expansion state and with literature. Results mainly show that hemispherical punch is less sensitive to size effect than Marciniak test.
“…The criterion proposed here is the classical Forming Limit Diagram (FLD). The used experimental procedure is based on image analysis by the correlation method [16]. The samples are strips of widths varying between 20 mm to 140 mm.…”
This paper describes a 3D finite element model used for optimizing the deep-drawing formability of a commercially pure titanium cap designed for the cosmetic industry. The results obtained from a specific tooling and various tensile tests highlight a strong anisotropic behavior of the material (earing profile on the parts and Lankford coefficients very sensitive to the loading direction). The mechanical behavior taking this anisotropy into account is described according to an elastic-plastic model based on the quadratic Hill's criterion. A special attention is paid to studying the sensitivity of the FEM predictions with respect to the numerical parameters. The type and number of elements in the thickness of the blank and the friction coefficient have a significant influence on the numerical results. The comparison with the experiments taking the springback into account shows that the FE model is suitable for describing the behavior of titanium during a forming process such as deep-drawing. A Forming Limit Diagram is finally given to predict the feasibility and optimize the forming operation.A. Le Port · F. Toussaint (B) · R. Arrieux Laboratoire Systèmes et Matériaux pour la Mécatronique
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