Determination of the Form of “Elastic” Component of the Equations of State of Molecular Crystals

Abstract

ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɦɟɠɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɟ ɧɢɬɪɨɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɞɨ 25 % ɨɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ ɫɭɛɥɢɦɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɢɬɪɨɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ. Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɧɟɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɱɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭ-ɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ. Ȼɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟ-ɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɧɟɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɭɩɪɭɝɭɸ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥ, ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ Ƚɟɥɶɦɝɨɥɶɰɚ, ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ Ʌɟɧɧɚɪɞ-Ⱦɠɨɧɫɚ, ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ Ȼɭɤɢɧɝɟɦɚ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟ Ⱦɟɛɚɹ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɗɣɧɲɬɟɣɧɚ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɜɡɪɵɜɱɚɬɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ (ȼȼ), ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ -ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟ-ɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɞɜɭɱɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞ-ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ [1,2]. ɏɨɥɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚɦɢ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ-ɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ȼɫɟ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ ȼȼ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚɦ ɧɢɬ-ɪɨɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ. Ɇɟɠɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ȼɚɧ-ɞɟɪ-ȼɚɚɥɶɫɚ. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɧɢɬɪɨɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɟɣ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɚɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɡɚɢ-ɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ȼɚɧ-ɞɟɪ-ȼɚɚɥɶɫɚ.Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɦ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɩɥɨɬɧɵɟ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɚɬɨɦ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɫɬɪɟ-ɦɢɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɚɬɨɦɚɦ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɟɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ [3]. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɣ ɭɩɚ-ɤɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ Ⱥ.ɂ. Ʉɢɬɚɣɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɦɭ [3] ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɞɟɸ ɚɞɞɢɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨ-ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɫ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɨɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɬɨɦɚ ɫ ɚɬɨ-ɦɨɦ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɚɬɨɦ-ɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ: ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ. ɗɬɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɵ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵ ɢ ɡɚ-ɜɢɫɹɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ ɫɨɪɬɚ ɚɬɨɦɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɚɬɨɦ-ɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱ-ɧɵɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ (6-ɟɯɪ-Ȼɭɤɢɧɝɷɦɚ) ɢɥɢ (6-12-Ʌɟɧɧɚɪɞ-Ⱦɠɨɧɫɚ), ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶ-ɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɢɡ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ ɫɭɛɥɢ-ɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɨɜ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɚɬɨɦ-ɚɬɨɦɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ...