Determination of the fatty and amino acid composition of camel milk, milk powder and shubat

Abstract

Camel milk is considered an essential source of nutrition and an effective remedy with healing properties in treating several diseases. Shubat, a fermented drink made from camel milk, contains easily digestible proteins, determining its nutritional value. Meanwhile, few studies have analysed the fatty and amino acid composition of Bactrian camel milk, milk powder and shubat in Kazakhstan. In this paper, we used the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method to determine milk the fatty and amino acid composition of Kazakhstan camel milk and camel milk powder and submit samples. As a result, significant differences in the fatty acid and amino acid compositions were observed among samples of raw milk, milk powder and shubat. differences were found in all amino acids. The most representative fatty acids in the three groups were С16:0, С18:0, С18:1n9c, С14:0 FAs. In camel milk samples, among indispensable amino acids, lysine (29.64%) was the highest in concentration, followed by methionine (25.68%). Some polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as С18:3n3c, С20:4n6, С18:3n3c, С20:3n3c 8,11,14 were found only in shubat samples. Furthermore, we revealed a significant decrease in both dispensable (DAA) and indispensable (IDAA) contents in camel milk powder. Meanwhile, an increase in the quantitative content of amino acids has been observed in shubat, especially in threonine (166.86%), aspargine (156.34%), alanine (114.48%), etc. The results provide a theoretical basis for additional studies of camel milk composition of Bactrian camel in Kazakhstan.

Regional features of camel milk composition and properties in the Republic of Kazakhstan

“…C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, C16:1, and C18:1n9c were identified as the most abundant fatty acids in both samples. These findings are consistent with Kazakh scientists studying Bactrian camel milk [35].…”

The importance of camel milk and its dairy products – a review

“…Currently, Kazakhstan is experiencing an increase in the number of camels (both onehumped and two-humped camels and hybrids). Moreover, camel breeding in Kazakhstan is developing in Mangyshlak, Kyzylorda, and South Kazakhstan regions [4]. The genus Camelus includes three species of camels, of which there are two (C. dromedarius and C. bactrianus) in Kazakhstan.…”