Determination of the elastic constants of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood by means of compression tests

Aira, J. R.; Martitegui, Francisco Arriaga; Íñiguez-González, Guillermo

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2014.07.008

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Table 2 shows mean value, standard deviation (std), coefficient of variation (cv), maximum (max) and minimum (min) values of the elastic moduli for specimens (Kollman and Côté 1968). Lower values of elastic modulus in compression parallel to the grain for species of pine wood were reported in Aira et al (2014), Baltrušaitis and Aleinikovas (2012) and Kretschmann (2010). However, Jin-Kyu et al (2007) and Aira et al (2014) discussed possible reasons for discrepancies among the experimental data from different analyses, such as high probability of slight variations in experimental conditions, i.e., RH, deformation rate and the wood itself, i.e., density, degree of growth and imperfections, specimen shape or different methods used for evaluating the elastic material parameters.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rheological behavior of wood in stress relaxation under compression

2018

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Rheological behavior of wood under uniaxial compression along and perpendicular to the grain in constant environment was examined. Tests with constant deformation rate until failure and stress relaxation tests with constant deformation applied stepwise were carried out. The experimental results of stress relaxation showed nonlinear material behavior over time that got more prominent under high deformation levels. Considerable amount of stress relaxed during applying the deformation. Wood experienced greater stress relaxation along the grain than perpendicular to it. Three rheological models for orthotropic material were calibrated to the experimentally determined stress-time curves in longitudinal and transverse directions simultaneously. Small deformation levels assuming linear strains were accounted for in the models. Required elastic material parameters were determined from the tests with constant deformation rate. A model including the highest number of viscoelastic material parameters was the most successful in predicting stress relaxation of wood under stepwise deformation. Modeling indicated that wood behavior was very close to linear viscoelastic in relaxation under small deformation. The obtained material parameters made the model suitable for predicting rheological behavior of wood comprehensively, under sustained deformation or load in constant conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rheological behavior of wood in stress relaxation under compression

2018

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“…Specimen dimensions were limited by dimensions of the boards from which they were extracted. The first set was comprised of six specimens (20 x 20 x 60 mm) for the compression parallel (a), perpendicular (b and c), and at 45° to the grain tests (d, e, f), following suggestions by Aira et al (2014). The second set had two specimens that were cut close to one another, where one (21 x 21 x 630 mm) was for the bending tests (g), and the other (20 x 20 x 60 mm) was for the compression parallel to the grain tests (h).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shear moduli were obtained from the compression tests on the specimens with the applied load oriented at 45° with respect to the direction of the grain, as suggested by Aira et al (2014),…”

Section: Determination Of Elastic Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastic Behavior of Fast-Growth Uruguayan Pine Determined from Compression and Bending Tests

Moya

Baño

2017

BioResources

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The design of engineered wood products and timber structures involving numerical simulations requires knowledge of the elastic and strength properties of wood. This study characterized the elastic behavior of Uruguayan pine wood (Pinus elliottii and P. taeda). A series of compression tests with the load applied with respect to various grain directions and bending tests were performed on small and clear specimens to determine the elastic constants and establish the relationships between the longitudinal moduli of elasticity obtained by the two testing methods. Moduli of elasticity, shear moduli, and Poisson ratios were determined. The longitudinal stiffness values in compression from the same specimen obtained by the two testing methods were similar. The moduli of elasticity in tension and compression parallel to the grain for the elastic behavior was obtained from experimental bending tests, and the downshift of the neutral axis until rupture was found. Using a model that simulates the post-elastic behavior as a curve comprised of several straight lines, the stress-strain diagram for tension and compression parallel to the grain was obtained.

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“…A cyanoacrylate adhesive with less longitudinal stiffness than the wood material was used to prevent restrictions on the specimen deformation by receiving the external load. This adhesive also showed high transversal stiffness so that the deformation of the strain gauge was not dampened by the thickness of the adhesive (Aira et al 2014).…”

Section: Compression Tests With Mechanical Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of the Elastic Constants Measured via Conventional, Ultrasound, and 3-D Digital Image Correlation Methods in Eucalyptus globulus Labill.

Crespo¹,

Aira²,

Vazquez³

et al. 2017

BioResources

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The design of engineering high value-added products and timber structures analysis requires reliable elastic characteristics related to a theoretical model that describes the elastic behavior of wood material. The present research focuses on determining the elastic constants of Eucalyptus globulus Labill., which allow their implementation as input parameters in any numerical model. The great potential of this species for novel structural applications was considered due to its superior mechanical properties. Two different testing methods were applied to the same specimens to directly compare the results. These two tests were conventional mechanical compression and a non-destructive ultrasound procedure. In addition, two different strain measurement techniques were contrasted in the performance of the mechanical tests, namely the conventional strain gauges that give local measurements, and the 3-D fullfield optical system based on the principles of digital image correlation. The elastic values obtained via ultrasound are higher than those coming from mechanical testing using conventional gauges. Conventional gauges lead to underestimated values in comparison to the results from full-field strain measurements. Eucalyptus globulus shows greater longitudinal and transversal stiffness than the average values for other hardwoods, which verifies the good structural possibilities of this species.

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Determination of the elastic constants of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood by means of compression tests

Cited by 41 publications

References 4 publications

Rheological behavior of wood in stress relaxation under compression

Rheological behavior of wood in stress relaxation under compression

Elastic Behavior of Fast-Growth Uruguayan Pine Determined from Compression and Bending Tests

Comparative Analysis of the Elastic Constants Measured via Conventional, Ultrasound, and 3-D Digital Image Correlation Methods in Eucalyptus globulus Labill.

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