Determination of the Cytotoxic Effect of Different Leaf Extracts from Parinari curatellifolia (Chrysobalanaceae)

Abstract

Despite plants being a rich source of useful chemical compounds with different pharmacological properties, some of these compounds may be toxic to humans. Parinari curatellifolia, among its other important pharmacological activities, has been shown to have significant antiproliferative activity on cancer cell lines. Toxicity studies are required to determine the safety profile of P. curatellifolia in the consideration of its potential pharmaceutical benefits as a source of lead compounds in cancer therapy. The effects of P. curatellifolia on both the integrity of the erythrocyte membrane and on normal cells were determined. The dried leaf powder of P. curatellifolia was used in serial exhaustive extraction procedures using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water as solvents in addition to extraction using DCM: methanol in equal ratio. Alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins were isolated from the ethanol extract. The leaf extracts were tested for haemolytic activity on sheep erythrocytes at concentrations of 0.625 to 5 mg/ml. The extracts were also tested for toxicity activity on normal mammalian cells such as the BALB/c mice peritoneal cells using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) at the concentrations of 6.3 to 50 μg/ml. In the haemolysis assays, none of the plant extracts had a significant haemolytic activity with the saponin-enriched extract having the maximum haemolytic activity of 12.2% for a concentration of 5 mg/ml. In the MTT cell viability assay, none of the 11 plant extracts had significant cytotoxicity. The water extract, however, had significant ( p < 0.01 ) proliferative activity towards the murine immune cells at all concentrations. P. curatellifolia leaf extracts were, therefore, not toxic to both erythrocytes and immune cells, and the water extract may have immunostimulatory effects. It is concluded that P. curatellifolia leaf extracts are not toxic in vitro and, therefore, our results support the use of the plant for ethnomedicinal use.

In-vitro AND In-vivo ASSESSMENT OF TOXIC EFFECTS OF Parthenium hysterophorus LEAVES EXTRACT

“…Tests for hemolytic activity are commonly used to determine toxic agents and their toxicological activity (Oliveira, Carneiro, Cauper, & Pohlit, 2009), (Franco et al, 2020). Plant extracts are considered toxic to RBCs if the percent hemolysis is above 30% (Kundishora, Sithole, & Mukanganyama, 2020). At concentration of 200 µg of LCe, 76.90 % of cells lysis with IC50>500 was observed which may be due to the significantly high parthenin contents in the leaves.…”

Composition of Nonextractable Polyphenols from Sweet Cherry Pomace Determined by DART-Orbitrap-HRMS and Their In Vitro and In Vivo Potential Antioxidant, Antiaging, and Neuroprotective Activities

“…Therefore, safety is critical in the development of novel products for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, or food industries . One of the most metabolically competent cell lines for cytotoxic assays is the human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 because the majority of toxicological studies indicate that toxic effects derived from natural compounds are associated with hepatotoxicity. , In this manner, the HepG2 cell line provides the closest in vitro model to the human liver in cytotoxic assays . Thus, it is advisable to evaluate the toxicity of natural compounds by using different cell lines.…”

Phytochemical Investigation, Antioxidant Properties and In Vivo Evaluation of the Toxic Effects of Parthenium hysterophorus

“…Numerous plant extracts have been evaluated for their hemolytic properties and correlated with their constituents, such as the polyphenolic antioxidants found in green and black tea [44]. If the percentage of hemolysis is greater than 30%, plant extracts are considered toxic to red blood cells [45]. At a concentration of 200 µg of FCe, 97,790,5975 percent of cells were observed to lyse with an IC50 > 500, which may be attributable to the presence of Saponins in the flowers.…”