Determination of the Carnosic Acid Content in Wild and Cultivated <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>

Hidalgo, Pablo J.; Ubera, J.L.; Tena, Marı́a Teresa; Valcárcel, Miguel

doi:10.1021/jf970974j

Cited by 69 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The result indicates that the position of the leaves on sage shoot should be taken into consideration when sage plant material has been chosen for extraction of antioxidant compounds. The results are in accordance with Hidalgo et al (1998), who also found that the content of carnosic acid is the highest in youngest leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis. The authors suggested that it might be due to the fact that antioxidants as protective compounds are important at the early growth stage, where young leaves are more vulnerable and/or young leaves have a far more active metabolism, so they require higher concentrations of essential compounds needed for growing.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Liquid shoot culture of Salvia officinalis L. for micropropagation and production of antioxidant compounds; effect of triacontanol

Grzegorczyk

Wysokińska

2011

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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Liquid shoot culture of Salvia officinalis L. in MS medium containing IAA (0.1 mg l -1 ) and BAP (0.45 mg l -1 ) was developed and evaluated in relation to shoot multiplication and antioxidant compound (carnosic acid, carnosol and rosmarinic acid) accumulation. In the liquid medium, on average, 3 new shoots per explant (shoot tip) were obtained within 3 weeks. The shoots produced 8.2±0.02 mg of diterpenoids and 31.2±0.29 mg of rosmarinic acid per gram of dry weight. Shoot proliferation and diterpenoid content increased when triacontanol (5, 10 or 20 µg l -1 ) was added to the liquid medium. In optimum conditions (at 20 µg l -1 TRIA) almost 7 shoots were formed per explant after 3 weeks. An increase in diterpenoid production (expressed as the sum of carnosol and carnosic acid) ranged from 30% to 50% and dependended on triacontanol concentration tested. The level of diterpenoids in triacontanol-treated shoots was similar to the content of compounds in commercial herbal product (dried leaves of S. officinalis) (10-12 mg g -1 dry wt). Triacontanol did not increase rosmarinic acid production, but the content of the phenolic as compound in shoots grown in liquid culture (31 mg g -1 dry wt) was even 24 times higher compared to samples of dried leaves of S. officinalis plants. We also demonstrated that the highest amounts of CA, Car and RA were accumulated in young, top parts of sage shoots. This observation could be useful for improving the selection of material for the extraction of natural antioxidants from S. officinalis.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Liquid shoot culture of Salvia officinalis L. for micropropagation and production of antioxidant compounds; effect of triacontanol

Grzegorczyk

Wysokińska

2011

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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“…In lipid systems, extracts with higher diterpene content were the most effective (Hopia et al, 1996), while in aqueous systems rosmarinic acid exhibited the highest antioxidant activity Cuvelier et al, 2000). Several reports have been published analysing the distribution of rosmarinic and/or carnosic acids during growth and vegetative development of rosemary leaves (Hidalgo et al, 1998;Munné-Bosch et al, 1999;Munné-Bosch and Alegre, 2000;Del Baño et al, 2003;Ibáñez et al, 2003;Munné-Bosch and Alegre, 2003), however, to our knowledge this is the first report were the influence of south UK environmental growing conditions were studied simultaneously on both rosmarinic and carnosic aids.…”

Section: Análisis De Su Actividad Antirradicalaria In Vitromentioning

confidence: 90%

Seasonal variations of rosmarinic and carnosic acids in rosemary extracts. Analysis of their in vitro antiradical activity

Luis

Johnson

2005

Span. j. agric. res.

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Rosemary plants were analysed using HPLC and eight different compounds (vanillic acid, caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, naringin, hispidulin, cirsimaritin, carnosol and carnosic acid) were identified and quantified. The analysis of the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity revealed that rosmarinic and carnosic acids were the best rosemary scavengers with IC sun(50) values of 27 and 32 micro M, respectively. Environmental influences on rosmarinic and carnosic acids content in rosemary plants were studied over a period of one year under southern UK conditions. Carnosic acid reached the maximum concentrations in December, decreasing by 50% during the summer months, while rosmarinic acid showed a constant concentration during the year. The significance of these results has been discussed later in this paper.

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“…Carnosic acid biosynthesis and accumulation take place exclusively in young rosemary leaves at the branch apices, with the diterpene molecule being partially consumed during leaf development and aging (Hidalgo et al, 1998;Brückner et al, 2014;Bo zi c et al, 2015). Beside carnosic acid, less abundant phenolic diterpenes can be measured in rosemary leaves, including carnosol (Supplemental Fig.…”

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Carnosic Acid and Carnosol, Two Major Antioxidants of Rosemary, Act through Different Mechanisms

et al. 2017

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Carnosic acid, a phenolic diterpene specific to the Lamiaceae family, is highly abundant in rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Despite numerous industrial and medicinal/pharmaceutical applications of its antioxidative features, this compound in planta and its antioxidant mechanism have received little attention, except a few studies of rosemary plants under natural conditions. In vitro analyses, using high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet and luminescence imaging, revealed that carnosic acid and its major oxidized derivative, carnosol, protect lipids from oxidation. Both compounds preserved linolenic acid and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol from singlet oxygen and from hydroxyl radical. When applied exogenously, they were both able to protect thylakoid membranes prepared from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves against lipid peroxidation. Different levels of carnosic acid and carnosol in two contrasting rosemary varieties correlated with tolerance to lipid peroxidation. Upon reactive oxygen species (ROS) oxidation of lipids, carnosic acid was consumed and oxidized into various derivatives, including into carnosol, while carnosol resisted, suggesting that carnosic acid is a chemical quencher of ROS. The antioxidative function of carnosol relies on another mechanism, occurring directly in the lipid oxidation process. Under oxidative conditions that did not involve ROS generation, carnosol inhibited lipid peroxidation, contrary to carnosic acid. Using spin probes and electron paramagnetic resonance detection, we confirmed that carnosic acid, rather than carnosol, is a ROS quencher. Various oxidized derivatives of carnosic acid were detected in rosemary leaves in low light, indicating chronic oxidation of this compound, and accumulated in plants exposed to stress conditions, in parallel with a loss of carnosic acid, confirming that chemical quenching of ROS by carnosic acid takes place in planta.

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Determination of the Carnosic Acid Content in Wild and Cultivated Rosmarinus officinalis

Cited by 69 publications

References 13 publications

Liquid shoot culture of Salvia officinalis L. for micropropagation and production of antioxidant compounds; effect of triacontanol

Liquid shoot culture of Salvia officinalis L. for micropropagation and production of antioxidant compounds; effect of triacontanol

Seasonal variations of rosmarinic and carnosic acids in rosemary extracts. Analysis of their in vitro antiradical activity

Carnosic Acid and Carnosol, Two Major Antioxidants of Rosemary, Act through Different Mechanisms

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