Determination of the age of bruises using a bilirubinometer

Mesli, Vadim; Garff, Erwan Le; Marchand, Elodie; Labreuche, Julien; Ramdane, Nassima; Maynou, C.; Delannoy, Yann; Hédouin, V.

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.047

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Our results correspond very well to literature data, which stated that the bilirubin content (or ∆b* value in the case of colorimetric studies) typically peaks at 3-5 days [5,8,9,38,47]. However, longer times required to reach the bilirubin peak were also reported, i.e., 4-8 days [1] and up to 10 days [43], which supports the significantly slower dynamics seen in our subject b.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Aiming at development of a more accurate and robust method for bruise ageing, various optical techniques were proposed and tested by monitoring temporal evolution of self-healing bruises, including colorimetry [4], bilirubinometry [5], diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) [6][7][8], digital photography [9,10], and hyperspectral imaging in visible spectral range [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noninvasive Monitoring of Dynamical Processes in Bruised Human Skin Using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy and Pulsed Photothermal Radiometry

Marin

Verdel

Milanič

et al. 2021

Sensors

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We have augmented a recently introduced method for noninvasive analysis of skin structure and composition and applied it to monitoring of dynamical processes in traumatic bruises. The approach combines diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in visible spectral range and pulsed photothermal radiometry. Data from both techniques are analyzed simultaneously using a numerical model of light and heat transport in a four-layer model of human skin. Compared to the earlier presented approach, the newly introduced elements include two additional chromophores (β-carotene and bilirubin), individually adjusted thickness of the papillary dermal layer, and analysis of the bruised site using baseline values assessed from intact skin in its vicinity. Analyses of traumatic bruises in three volunteers over a period of 16 days clearly indicate a gradual, yet substantial increase of the dermal blood content and reduction of its oxygenation level in the first days after injury. This is followed by the emergence of bilirubin and relaxation of all model parameters towards the values characteristic for healthy skin approximately two weeks after the injury. The assessed parameter values and time dependences are consistent with existing literature. Thus, the presented methodology offers a viable approach for objective characterization of the bruise healing process.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Monitoring of Dynamical Processes in Bruised Human Skin Using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy and Pulsed Photothermal Radiometry

Marin

Verdel

Milanič

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…In [15], tristimulus colorimetry is shown to be reliable for the evaluation of the color of a bruise generated experimentally with paintballs fired by compressed air guns. The use of a bilirubin meter is evaluated as a bruise dating method in [16], where it is found that the difference in bilirubin level between healthy skin and bruise has a peak between day 4 and 5, which decreases in the following days. An alternate light source, in the visible and ultraviolet spectrum, is used in [17] to evaluate its effectiveness in the detection of bruise, compared to white light.…”

Section: Rel Ated Work Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Bruise dating using deep learning

Tirado

Mauricio

2020

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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According to the latest report of the World Health Organization (WHO) [1], domestic violence against women is a global scourge, with a prevalence of physical or sexual abuse against women of just over 30% globally and 29.8% in Latin America (see Figure 1). Some victims of violence report these facts to the authorities, which require forensic clinical services such as bruise dating to support complaints, since the results of dating, used as evidence, can be decisive for justice. However, many of these complaints are filed due to lack of evidence or error in the dating of bruise, which aggravates the consequences of this scourge. Bruise, also known as ecchymosis, is the internal bleeding of the skin due to the rupture of blood vessels, which is caused by an impact with an edgeless object, without tearing or cutting the skin. Therefore, blood escapes from blood vessels close to the surface of the skin being trapped under it [2]. This generates a coloration on the surface of the skin, which shows a series of colors that vary over time and can be visible for up to 30 days from its appearance, so the medical literature reports the use of color scales for dating of an bruise. This procedure consists in determining the age of this bruise; thus, the bruise is visualized in situ or through photographs, and the judgment of an expert is applied [3], who, in general, is a coroner, and its importance lies in being evidence fundamental in a trial for domestic violence or against women. There are studies on the dating of bruise, from the medical and forensic point of view, where the use of histological analysis [4], genetic [5], chromatography [6], and visual inspection techniques are

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“…[3][4][5] To the best of our knowledge, few studies have been performed on the extrapolation of age in subcutaneous hemorrhage. [6][7][8] However, the conventional estimation of subcutaneous bleeding time, which is predominantly based on visual observation, lacks objectivity and certainty. 9 The major argument is that different forensic scholars have visual differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%