Determination of the activity of phosphorus containing compounds on the crosslinking of epoxy resins by acid anhydrides

Glavchev, I.; Petrova, Krasimira T.; Devedjiev, I.

doi:10.1016/s0142-9418(01)00075-7

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Physical miscibility at ambient and chemical interactions at elevated temperatures between a difunctional epoxy of DGEBA and a linear phenyl-hydroxyl containing polymer, poly (4-vinylphenol), were investigated by DSC, FT-IR, SEM and solid-state 13 C-NMR [ 27 ]. The rates of cure of bisphenol A based epoxy resin and its mixtures with diethylene glycol based epoxy resin with maleic anhydride and BF 3 etherate accelerator were measured from the dependences of degree of cure with time, using GPC, DSC and IR spectroscopy [ 28 ]. A methodology for computer simulation and construction of atomistic models of crosslinked polymer networks has been developed [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Fourier Transform IR Characterization of Epoxy GY Systems Crosslinked with Aliphatic and Cycloaliphatic EH Polyamine Adducts

Nikolić

Zlatković²,

Cakić

et al. 2010

Sensors

353

202

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The use of fast FT-IR spectroscopy as a sensitive method to estimate a change of the crosslinking kinetics of epoxy resin with polyamine adducts is described in this study. A new epoxy formulation based on the use of polyamine adducts as the hardeners was analyzed. Crosslinking reactions of the different stoichiometric mixtures of the unmodified GY250 epoxy resin with the aliphatic EH606 and the cycloaliphatic EH637 polyamine adducts were studied using mid FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. As the crosslinking proceeded, the primary amine groups in polyamine adduct are converted to secondary and the tertiary amines. The decrease in the IR band intensity of epoxy groups at about 915 cm−1, as well as at about 3,056 cm−1, was observed due to process. Mid IR spectral analysis was used to calculate the content of the epoxy groups as a function of crosslinking time and the crosslinking degree of resin. The amount of all the epoxy species was estimated from IR spectra to changes during the crosslinking kinetics of epichlorhydrin.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Fourier Transform IR Characterization of Epoxy GY Systems Crosslinked with Aliphatic and Cycloaliphatic EH Polyamine Adducts

Nikolić

Zlatković²,

Cakić

et al. 2010

Sensors

353

202

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“…Phosphorus compounds are of great interest in terms of modifying the properties of epoxy composites and performance characteristics of materials based on these composites. However, the influence of phosphorus compounds on the curing rate of epoxy–anhydride composites has been analyzed only in a few studies . Similar to the nitrogen‐containing compounds the quaternary phosphonium salts can also be assumed to be effective catalysts for the curing of epoxy resins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the influence of phosphorus compounds on the curing rate of epoxy-anhydride composites has been analyzed only in a few studies. 13,14 Similar to the nitrogen-Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. containing compounds the quaternary phosphonium salts can also be assumed to be effective catalysts for the curing of epoxy resins.…”

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confidence: 99%

Kinetics and mechanistic investigation of epoxy-anhydride compositions cured with quaternary phosphonium salts as accelerators

Amirova

Бурилов

Бауер

et al. 2015

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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Mechanism and curing kinetics of bisphenol A epoxy resin-iso-methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride compositions using quaternary phosphonium salts as accelerators were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electrospray mass-spectrometry (ESI-MS). The DSC method was applied to investigate curing kinetics and apparent activation energy values for the overall curing process. The DSC results showed that some of the phosphonium salts lead to a lower activation energy, that means they are more effective accelerators for the curing of epoxy-anhydride systems. The mechanism of curing was studied by ESI-MS using the model reaction of epichlorohydrin (E) with phthalic anhydride (PA) in the presence of phosphonium salts or 2-methylimidazole. Products containing the alkyl moiety of the phosphonium salt in form of alkyl esters could be identified. This suggests that the phosphonium salts activate the anhydride by electrophilic attack.

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Polymer Cross‐Linkling

Ray

2011

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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Cross‐linking is a unique tool for polymer modification. Multidirectional chain extension of polymers resulting in the formation of network structure is defined as polymer cross‐linking. It hinders the free movement of polymer chains and restricts them from sliding past each other. Interconnection of the polymer chains generates elasticity in amorphous polymers and makes a polymer more resistant to heat, light, and other physical agencies. It enhances the dimensional stability, mechanical strength, and solvent resistance of a polymer. Cross‐linking may be accomplished either through polymerization of monomers with functionality greater than two (polycondensation) or by covalent bonding between preformed polymer molecules by irradiation, sulfur vulcanization, or miscellaneous chemical reactions. The degree of cross‐linking and regularity of the network are the two vital factors, which control the effects of cross‐linking on the properties of the polymers. Cross‐linking is carried out in elastomers, plastomers, and even on polymer blends to improve properties and to broaden the spectrum of applications. The present review describes different modes and kinetics of polymer cross‐linking as well as its effects on the properties of polymers.

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Determination of the activity of phosphorus containing compounds on the crosslinking of epoxy resins by acid anhydrides

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Fast Fourier Transform IR Characterization of Epoxy GY Systems Crosslinked with Aliphatic and Cycloaliphatic EH Polyamine Adducts

Fast Fourier Transform IR Characterization of Epoxy GY Systems Crosslinked with Aliphatic and Cycloaliphatic EH Polyamine Adducts

Kinetics and mechanistic investigation of epoxy-anhydride compositions cured with quaternary phosphonium salts as accelerators

Polymer Cross‐Linkling

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