Determination of technetium-99 in environmental material with rhenium as a yield monitor

Determination of technetium-99 in environmental samples: A review

“…This problem can be solved by purification of the 99m Tc eluate using an alumina cartridge, and applying a reduced radioactive 99 Mo-99m Tc generator (2-4 GBq) or a generator in which 99 Mo is produced by neutron activation of 98 Mo [63]. The above advantages, especially the easy availability of 99 99 Tc [69][70][71]. In this case, Re has to be measured by non-radiometric methods.…”

“…This is a very critical step in the analysis of solid samples for 99 Tc, because incomplete decomposition of organic matters and volatile loss of 99 Tc in this stage will cause an insufficient leaching of 99 Tc from the samples and poor yield of 99 Tc. Some reports suggest that 99 Tc losses occur at a temperature around 550 0 C [8,83], whereas others reported an insignificant loss of 99 Tc even at as much as 800 0 C [84,85]. It has been reported that the loss of 99 Tc can be reduced if the samples are wetted with concentrated HCl before ashing [5].…”

“…Strong basic anion exchange resin, for example Dowex 1 (or Bio-Rad AG1) resin, has a very high selectivity for TcO 4 -anion in a wide range of pH [83,98], because the affinity of TcO 4 -to the resin is much However, a low degree of decontamination of Mo and Ru is observed in the eluate, which interferes with the mass spectrometric measurement of 99 Tc. Meanwhile radioisotopes of Ru, such as 106 Ru and 103 Ru, which occurred in the fresh fallout of the nuclear accident and nuclear waste from nuclear power plants, also interfere with the radiometric measurement of 99 Tc [81].…”

“…As a pure β -emitter, 99 Tc is conventionally measured by radiometric methods including LSC [7,8,69] and GM-gas flow counter [61,78,111]. In recent years, more and more measurements 40 of 99 Tc are carried out by mass spectrometry, especially ICP-MS.…”

“…Mass spectrometric methods [22] Radiometric methods [68,83] Isobaric and molecular ions Natural abundance (%) Nuclides β-max energy (keV) 98 …”