Determination of technetium-99 from the aspect of environmental radioactivity

Influence of microorganisms on the behavior of technetium and other elements in paddy soil surface water

“…Brookins (1986) described Re as a chemical analog of Tc. In fact, Re has been used as both carrier and yield monitor for the analysis of 99 Tc in the environment (Matsuoka et al, 1990;Harvey et al, 1992). Thus, Re would be expected to behave similarly to Tc in the surface water samples.…”

Determination of technetium-99 in environmental samples: A review

“…This method has been successfully applied to pre-concentrate 99 Tc from 1-100 L seawater and rain water samples, and chemical yield of 50-80 % depending on the volume of the sample has been reported [5]. Other carrier/reductant, such as CuS, has also been used for this purpose [78]. Comparing with the anion exchange method, the co-precipitation method is relatively rapid and the problems with column blocking can be avoided when analyzing sample after a long storage time.…”

“…As a pure β -emitter, 99 Tc is conventionally measured by radiometric methods including LSC [7,8,69] and GM-gas flow counter [61,78,111]. In recent years, more and more measurements 40 of 99 Tc are carried out by mass spectrometry, especially ICP-MS.…”

“…However, because of the low recovery and reproducibility, as well as the relatively large mass of precipitation which increases self adsorption, this technique is not a commonly used method for solid source preparation. Electro-deposition is the most commonly used source preparation method for measurement of 99 Tc by GM counter [61,78,111]. Electro-deposition of 99 Tc onto a metal disk (normally a stainless steel disk) can be carried out in various media, including oxalic acid, sulfuric acid, and NaOH solution [45,61].…”

Extension of Studies with 3M Empore TM and Selentec MAG *SEP SM Technologies for Improved Radionuclide Field Sampling

“…In an oxidizing environment, technetium exists as the pertechnetate ion, TcOd , which is very mobile in aqueous systems (Turcotte, 1982). Technetium behaves as a nutrient d o g in biological systems and may be concentrated by plants (Matsuoka, et al, 1990); in humans and animals technetium localizes in the gastrointestinal tract and thyroid gland (Till, et al, 1979). Technetium-99, a weak beta emitting radioisotope with a halflife of 213,000 years, is produced by the fission of uranium and plutonium, with a fairly high fission yield of 6%.…”