Determination of synthesis method of ecstasy based on the basic impurities

Electrochemical and spectroscopic characterisation of amphetamine-like drugs: Application to the screening of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its synthetic precursors

“…Firstly, the preparation of MDA was based on a wellknown synthetic procedure, often described in the literature as one of the main routes for the manufacture of amphetamines [10][11][12], that relies upon the synthesis of the appropriate ␤-methyl-␤-nitrostyrene precursor (Fig. 1).…”

Determination of the Organic Compounds in Synthetic Tablets Containing MDMA (Ecstasy)

“…Örnek tabletlerden elde edilen farklı pH'lardaki özütleme-lerde MDMA sentezi esnasında oluştuğu değerlendirilen 16 bileşenin bulunduğu belirlendi. Bu 16 adet bileşenin tanımlamaları yapıldı (1,7,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Tablo 1'de gösterilen kütle pikleri ve açık formülleri belirtilen bileşenlerin oluşum kaynakları şöyledir:…”

“…3,4-metilendioksimetamfetamin (7 numaralı pik), ekstazinin aktif maddesidir (1,7,9,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

The Development of an Optimized System of Narcotic and Explosive Contraband Mimics for Calibration and Training of Biological Detectors

“…While it is traditionally taken in pill form (commonly known as Ecstasy), the drug is also available in powder and liquid forms. There is a plethora of published processes for the chemical synthesis of MDMA ( Figure 2 and Figure 3) which include the dissolving metal reduction (Al/HgCl2), the cyanoborohydride reduction (NaBH3CN), the borohydride reduction in low temperature (NaBH4), the Leuckart reaction and the safrole bromination [14,15]. Most of these processes begin with a methylenedioxy compound such as safrole, isosafrole, or piperonal, all of which are commercially available, or 3,4-methylenedioxypheny-2-propanone (MDP-2-P), which is a controlled substance.…”

“…The success is explained by the reported dominant presence of piperonal in the headspace of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamin (MDMA) based drugs, such as ecstasy [1,14,15,48,67]. Lorenzo conjectured that canines trained upon piperonal would correctly alert to MDMA based drugs because of the canine recognition of the compound piperonal.…”