Determination of suspended sediments particle size distribution using image capturing method

Ramalingam, Sivakumar; Chandra, Venu

doi:10.1080/1064119x.2017.1392660

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Similarly, the measurement of the differences in viscosity of DES before (η = 58.346 cPa) and after treatment (η = 55.4287 cPa) revealed that THF did not show much impact on its characteristics or on the dissociation of DES. The latter phenomena could be further verified through the characteristics of the isolated solid lignin, which exhibited a free-flowing nature with an average particle distance of 1.20 μm based on an ImageJ analysis . Hence, these results ruled out the possibility of any carryover of the DES in lignin, suggesting that no significant interferences of DES molecules could be expected during the subsequent valorization.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The latter phenomena could be further verified through the characteristics of the isolated solid lignin, which exhibited a free-flowing nature with an average particle distance of 1.20 μm based on an ImageJ analysis. 32 Hence, these results ruled out the possibility of any carryover of the DES in lignin, 26 suggesting that no significant interferences of DES molecules could be expected during the subsequent valorization. Overall, the generously higher lignin recovery was most likely attributed to the synergistic effect of THF with an enhanced dissolution capacity and NaCl through its complementary behavior and phase separation tendency.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Biphasic Separation Approach in the DES Biomass Fractionation Facilitates Lignin Recovery for Subsequent Valorization to Phenolics

Kumar

Sharma²,

Arumugam³

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Herein, we demonstrate a sustainable technique for quality facile lignin recovery by adopting a biphasic separation approach during the deep eutectic solvent (DES) disintegration of biomass for subsequent valorization. The tetrahydrofuran (THF)/ aq NaCl combination influenced the attainment of biphasic layer separation, consequently accelerating the movement of DESsolubilized lignin to the organic phase and allowing for the easy recovery of lignin and solvents (both THF and DES) for reuse. The modified protocol facilitated ∼32% wt lignin per wt of sawdust with a 95% purity (based on a Klason analysis), which was nearly 88% of the lignin extracted to the potential lignin of sawdust. This was achieved through the fractionation of sawdust using a choline chloride and lactic acid combination at a 1:2 molar ratio under modest thermal conditions. The obtained results were ∼2-fold higher than those of the conventional DES protocol, employing the H 2 O−EtOH mixture for lignin precipitation using a similar wood substrate. All of the analytical characterization techniques, including 13 C NMR, Fourier transform infrared, gel permeation chromatography, and pyrolysis-gas chromatographymass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), established the relevant structural and morphological characteristics, making the resultant lignin an adequate feedstock for the potential production of aromatic chemicals because of the dominance of the β-O-4 content and the limited residual constituents, including sugars and silica. Upon evaluating its suitability for phenolic chemical synthesis via hydrogenolysis, a ∼48% butylated hydroxytoluene yield was obtained as a dominant phenolic product over heterogeneous Ru@ V 2 O 5 . Overall, the findings indicated that DES is proficient in fractionating lignocellulose for the entire release of lignin (>90%). The maximum recovery of the released lignin was attributed to the superlative performance of the novel THF/aq NaCl combination through the influence of molecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding and dipole−dipole interactions between the lignin and solvent, thereby establishing an alternative trend for quality lignin extraction for deriving phenolics.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Biphasic Separation Approach in the DES Biomass Fractionation Facilitates Lignin Recovery for Subsequent Valorization to Phenolics

Kumar

Sharma²,

Arumugam³

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…The FSDs at steady state are reported by an average of a continuous one hundred images. The image processing procedure was supported by comparison with commercially available particles (Shen and Maa, 2016a), and later was also reported as "well correlated" with other image capturing systems (Ramalingam and Chandra, 2017). Such a mixing chamber and image processing system was placed at Virginia Institute of Marine Science (USA) from 2013 to 2015.…”

Section: Case 1: Mixing Jar Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Simulating multimodal floc size distributions of suspended cohesive sediments with lognormal subordinates: Comparison with mixing jar and settling column experiments

Shen

Toorman

Fettweis

et al. 2019

Coastal Engineering

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The Floc Size Distributions (FSDs) of suspended fine-grained sediment flocs play a prime role to estimate their own fate and the transport of contaminates attached to the flocs. However, developing an efficient flocculation model that is capable of simulating continuous and multimodal FSDs is still a challenge. Recently, the population balance equation solved by the Quadrature-Based Method of Moments (QBMM) with lognormal kernel density functions has been developed to investigate the aggregation and breakage processes. It coincides with some recent observations which describe a measured FSD in coastal waters with a set of constituted lognormal distributions.The newly developed lognormal QBMM was tested with several ideal flocculation kinetic kernels, none of which, however, was used for interpreting cohesive sediment dynamics. Therefore, it raised our interest to evaluate the model performance for fine-grained sediments in shear turbulence dominated environments. In this study, additional validations against two kaolinite laboratory experiments were tested in the framework of the extended QBMM. It is hypothesized that these subordinate lognormal distributions share the same value of standard deviation. Different from the previous methods, the common standard deviation is determined empirically to reduce the number of tracers and better represent the FSDs. With sediment flocculation kinetics, the predicted FSDs reasonably reproduce the FSDs observed in both the mixing chamber and the settling column experiments. Despite the lacking of explicit descriptions of microbial effects at the current stage, this model has the potential to be implemented into large-scale particle transport models and deserves a more in-depth study in the future.

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“…The ice crystals melt and shrink with increasing temperature, and the repeated process of ice crystal expansion and shrinkage deteriorates the bonding state of large particles, thus splitting these large particles into small particles. Before the experiment, the specific surface area of the sediment particles was 1.3673 m 2 ·g -1 , which was much smaller than the specific surface area of generally occurring porous particles (greater than 10 m 2 ·g −1 ) [30], indicating that the sediments in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River were nonporous particles. The SEM-EDS analysis results showed that the samples contained Fe, Al and Mg, indicating that certain clay minerals were present in the sediments in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, and the clay minerals were only adsorbed onto the surface of the sediment particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Phosphorus from Sediments in the Middle Reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River

Liao

Jiang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The effect of the freeze-thaw process is an important factor in soil nutrient changes and erosion enhancement. Sediments in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River are likely affected by the daily freeze-thaw cycles in winter. Examining the freeze-thaw effects of phosphorus from sediments in this area is of great significance for protecting the structure and safety of the ecosystem. The freeze-thaw process of sediments in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River was simulated through laboratory experiments, and different phosphorus contents and particle states were synchronously detected and analyzed. The results show that freeze-thaw cycles can accelerate phosphorus migration and release in the sediments, and the total amount of phosphorus release increases by 12%. After being subjected to freeze-thaw cycles, the sediment particles were broken, and the competition between ions for adsorption sites reduced phosphorus adsorption onto the sediments from the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The organic matter on the sediment surface was also broken down, and the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results showed that the combined ions that were released competed for the adsorption sites on the particle surfaces, thereby promoting phosphorus release. Among the different forms of phosphorus, aluminum-bound phosphorus (Al-P) and iron-bound phosphorus (Fe-P) are the two most released phosphorus forms by the freeze-thaw process. Although the contents of Al-P and Fe-P only account for 2.41% of the total phosphorus content, both phosphorus forms are biologically available, and freeze-thaw cycles may increase the risk of nutrient loss. This research may provide information for the study of phosphorus in river ecosystems in areas subjected to freeze-thaw cycles.

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Determination of suspended sediments particle size distribution using image capturing method

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Biphasic Separation Approach in the DES Biomass Fractionation Facilitates Lignin Recovery for Subsequent Valorization to Phenolics

Biphasic Separation Approach in the DES Biomass Fractionation Facilitates Lignin Recovery for Subsequent Valorization to Phenolics

Simulating multimodal floc size distributions of suspended cohesive sediments with lognormal subordinates: Comparison with mixing jar and settling column experiments

Effects of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Phosphorus from Sediments in the Middle Reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River

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