Determination of suspended particulates matter of major significance to human health using nuclear techniques in kenya

Gatebe, CK; Kinyua, A. M.; Mangala, MJ; Kwach, R; Njau, L. N.; Mukolwe, EA; Maina, D. M.

doi:10.1007/bf02060387

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The resulting quality of the atmosphere has been the subject of various publications [4][5][6] , especially with reference to the health impacts of different toxic metals [7][8][9][10][11] . Several studies have also incorporated the role of size and composition of atmospheric particulate matter towards overall heavy metal toxicity [12][13][14][15] . It is understood that aerosol particulate matter has a correlation with toxic trace metals and affects human health in urban and rural environments [16][17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Selected Metals and other Pollutants in Urban Atmosphere in Dhaka Bangladesh

Rahman

Rahim

Siddique

et al. 2013

Dhaka Univ. J. Sci.

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The concentration of lead, iron and potassium were determined in suspended particulates matters (SPM) in the atmosphere Dhaka, Bangladesh between January and June, 2008. The sampling areas are Khandakar Mukarram Hossain Biggan Bhaban, University of Dhaka, Tejgaon, Hazaribagh, Uttara and Agargaon new colony. The average concentrations of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 were 68, 43 and 35 µg m-3, respectively. About 82% particles were from fine fraction (PM2.5) and 18% were from coarse fraction (PM10-2.5), which indicates mechanical processes are one of the main sources for the particulate matters in air of Dhaka. The concentration of lead, iron and potassium were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) for the size fraction of PM10 with highest concentrations recorded for iron (10.8 g/m3) and lowest for lead (0.10 g/m3). The average concentration of NOx, O3 and SOx with eight hours sampling were 82.8, 22.5 and 25.5 g/m3 respectively. This study revealed that the concentrations of Pb, K, Fe, CO, NOx, O3 and SOx in Dhaka City were higher than the WHO (World Health Organization) guideline values.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Selected Metals and other Pollutants in Urban Atmosphere in Dhaka Bangladesh

Rahman

Rahim

Siddique

et al. 2013

Dhaka Univ. J. Sci.

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“…It is understood that particulate matter in aerosol and their correlation with toxic trace metals may affect human health both in urban and rural environments. 19,20 Particles from macroscopic to submicroscopic size find their origin in fuel combustion, industrial processes, automobile exhausts, mining and quarrying. 21 Generally, fine particulate matter carries more burden of heavy toxic metals than the coarse ones 22,23 and the average concentration of airborne metallic elements is time dependent also.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Urban Aerosol Particulate Composites for Selected Metal Distribution and Their Dependence on Meteorological Parameters

2004

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Local atmospheric aerosol particulate samples, collected as composites on daily 6-12 hour basis, at Quaid-i-Azam University campus, Islamabad, Pakistan, using high volume sampling technique, were analysed for Pb, Na, K, Fe, Mn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn and Co by FAAS method. The monitoring period ran from October, 2001 through March, 2002, with a total of 105 samples collected on cellulose filters, treated in part with the HNO3-based wet digestion method for metal quantification, and for particle size distribution separately. The metal content of the aerosols was examined in relation to dependence on meteorological parameters, such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, sun shine and pan evaporation. Statistical correlation analysis was conducted for multiple metal pairs in aerosols, and the data were examined in relation to meteorological parameters and relevant aerosol particle size fractions. The study revealed no viable strong correlation between the meteorological parameters and metal levels; in general, however, a significant positive correlation was found for temperature. A strong positive correlation was observed for PM<25 and PM2.5-10. For coarse particles (PM10-100 and PM>100), however, a negative correlation was observed. The levels of Na, K, Fe and Zn were found in the range of 1-5 microg/m3 while those for the rest of the metals in the sub microg/m3 range. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed on dataset for source identification and appointment. Largest contribution (33%) was shown by the industrial emissions followed by traffic/road dust (16.7%).

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“…The components of the first part are a double (stacked) filter cassette, a black polyethylene container and a red-coloured rain protection. The double filter cassette was employed with two different Nuclepore filters of a diameter of 47 mm with a pore size of 8 μm and 0.4 μm, operated at a flow rate of 15 lpm for 12 hours (Hopke et al, 1997;Gatebe et al, 1996). Under these conditions, size fractionating of particulate matter occurs so that the former filter collects particulate matter having aerodynamic diameter in the range of 2.5-10 μm (so-called "coarse" fraction), while the latter filter collects particle matter with aerodynamic diameter ⁄2.5 μm (so-called "fine" fraction).…”

Section: Environmental Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Particulate Matter and Analysis of Black Carbon and Some Particle Containing Toxic Trace in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon

Siaka¹,

Saïdou²,

Yakum³

et al. 2013

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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The concentration and composition of particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere can directly reflect the environmental pollution. The atmospheric pollution in some Cameroonian cities is increasing with the industrial development and urbanization. Air pollution is inherently complex, containing PM of varied size and composition. This PM exists as a dynamic cloud interacting with sunlight and is modified by the meteorology. The reflectometer and the EDXRF spectrometry are applied to determine the concentration of some specific elements at four sites in the city of Yaoundé. The particular aim of the present work is to put in place data base on air pollution in urban area and elaborate regulations on the emissions issued to industrial and vehicle activities. This study provides an overview of the concentration of black carbon and some specific elements in the air, which have impacts on human health. The measurement was done by distinguishing the size of particle. So that, the particle with aerodynamic diameter between 2.5-10 μm (so-called coarse particle) and aerodynamic diameter ⁄ ⁄2.5 μm (so-called fine particle) were considered to obtain more information about levels of the inhalable fraction of the location. The results obtained in four locations of the city of Yaoundé show that the black carbon concentration is very considerable, the element sulfur is a major pollutant and the concentration of fine particle is very greater. The results obtained of fine and coarse filters range from 5-17 μg/m 3 and 10-18 μg/m 3 for the black carbon. S, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Se and Hg are the specific findings of this work. The pollutants with a greater concentration are S, Pb, and Zn. These later seem to be non-uniformly, non-regular in some location and high compared to other countries. This work allows us to make a potential relation between pollutants and emission sources. In this framework, some suggestions have been proposed to reduce emissions for an improvement of the air quality in the environment and thus, the one of the city of Yaoundé.

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Determination of suspended particulates matter of major significance to human health using nuclear techniques in kenya

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Studies on Selected Metals and other Pollutants in Urban Atmosphere in Dhaka Bangladesh

Studies on Selected Metals and other Pollutants in Urban Atmosphere in Dhaka Bangladesh

Screening of Urban Aerosol Particulate Composites for Selected Metal Distribution and Their Dependence on Meteorological Parameters

Monitoring of Particulate Matter and Analysis of Black Carbon and Some Particle Containing Toxic Trace in the City of Yaoundé, Cameroon

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