Determination of sulphate in water by flow-injection analysis with electrode-separated piezoelectric quartz crystal sensor

Fung, YS; Wong, Chi-Chun; Choy, Jacqueline T.S.; Sze, Kwan-Lok

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2007.09.070

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…There are different analytical methods for the determination and quantification of ions sulphates, such as the gravimetric method [20], volumetric method, spectrophotometric methods, ion selective electrode, ionic chromatography, capilar electroforesis, analysis by flow injection, among others [21,22]; however they require long time and high operational costs, and some need qualified personnel [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of an analytical method for the extraction and quantification of soluble sulfates in red clay

2015

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Development and validation of an analytical method for the extraction and quantification of soluble sulfates in red clay(Desenvolvimento e validação de um método analítico para a extração e quantificação de sulfatos solúveis em argilas vermelhas) AbstractIn this work a fast and environmentally friendly method for the extraction and quantification of soluble sulphates in red clay using microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and determination by turbidimetry was developed and validated. The favorable conditions for the extraction of soluble sulphates in red clay by MAE were: 1 g of sample, with particle size of 63 μm, dissolved in 50 mL of distilled water, it was extracted using a microwave oven with 70% of power during 5 min, later the sample was centrifuged during 5 min and then filtered. The soluble sulphates in red clays were quantified at 420 nm. The procedure proposed showed linear behaviour in the tested rank (5-7000 mg SO 4 2-/kg of clay) with R 2 0.9993. The limits of detection and quantification were 4.30 and 14.33 mg/kg, respectively, with a variation coefficient of 1.41%. The method proposed in this work allows to determine soluble sulphates in red clay with a recovery of 94%. Keywords: red clay, soluble sulphates, microwave assisted extraction (MAE), turbidimetry. Resumo Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido e validado um método rápido e inofensivo ao ambiente para a extração e quantificação de sulfatos solúveis em argilas vermelhas usando extração assistida por microondas (MAE

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of an analytical method for the extraction and quantification of soluble sulfates in red clay

2015

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“…As regards sulfate, the addition of barium to the sample to promote the formation of barium sulfate particles has been proposed and the further detection has been based on either the decrease in the conductivity [12] or the increase in the solution turbidity [13]. The addition of lead and the use of a reversed precipitation flowinjection device has been applied to the sulfate determination by means of FAAS in the 2 -20 mg L -1 concentration range with a 60 h -1 sample throughput [14].…”

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Ion balance in waters through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Sanchez

Pérez

Prats

et al. 2013

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) has been employed to carry out the determination of both major anions and cations in water samples. The anions quantification has been performed by means of a new automatic accessory. In this device chloride has been determined by continuously adding a silver nitrate solution. As a result solid silver chloride particles are formed and retained on a Nylon filter inserted in the line. The emission intensity is read at a silver characteristic wavelength. By plotting the drop in silver signal versus the chloride concentration, a straight line is obtained. As regards bicarbonate, this anion has been on-line transformed into carbon dioxide with the help of a 2.0 mol L-1 nitric acid stream. Carbon signal is linearly related with bicarbonate concentration. Finally, information about sulfate concentration has been achieved by means of the measurement of sulfur emission intensity. All the steps have been simultaneously and automatically performed. With this setup detection limits have been 1.0, 0.4 and 0.09 mg L-1 for chloride, bicarbonate and sulfate, respectively. Furthermore, it affords good precision with RSD below 6 %. Cations (Ca, Mg, Na and K) concentration, in turn, has been obtained by simultaneously reading the emission intensity at characteristic wavelengths. The obtained limits of detection have been 8 x 10-3 , 2 x 10-3 , 8 x 10-4 and 10-2 mg L-1 for sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium, respectively. As regards sample throughput about 30 samples h-1 can be analyzed. Validation results have revealed that the obtained concentrations for these anions are not significantly different as compared to the data provided by conventional methods. Finally, by considering the data for anions and cations precise ion balances have been obtained for well and mineral water samples.

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“…Commonly, sulfate is present in water in association with calcium, iron, magnesium and sodium ions as salts and hence, the determination of sulfate by sensitive, rapid, precise, and accurate methods is important in assessing the salinity and quality of water. 11,12 For a better ion-selective electrode, a strong interaction between the ionophore and the anion is essential in order to complex anions selectively, and the potential response is believed to be based on this characteristic of the membrane. Recent trends showed an increasing demand for developing novel ionophores.…”

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A novel approach for the design of a highly selective sulfate-ion-selective electrode

et al. 2009

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Determination of sulphate in water by flow-injection analysis with electrode-separated piezoelectric quartz crystal sensor

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Development and validation of an analytical method for the extraction and quantification of soluble sulfates in red clay

Development and validation of an analytical method for the extraction and quantification of soluble sulfates in red clay

Ion balance in waters through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

A novel approach for the design of a highly selective sulfate-ion-selective electrode

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