Determination of Sulfide in Brain Tissue by Gas Dialysis/Ion Chromatography: Postmortem Studies and Two Case Reports

Goodwin, Lorne R.; Francom, Donna M.; Dieken, Fred P.; Taylor, J. D.; Warenycia, Marcus W.; Reiffenstein, R. J.; Dowling, Graeme P.

doi:10.1093/jat/13.2.105

Cited by 289 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Thus, H 2 S could be toxic and also protective, depending on distinct experimental conditions, including the cell types being studied and its local concentration (Fiorucci et al 2006). H 2 S is endogenously generated from cysteine metabolism; H 2 S levels in the tissues and circulation have been reported to be 10-160 µ M in several mammalian species, including mouse, rat, human, and bovine (Goodwin et al 1989;Abe and Kimura 1996;Zhao et al 2001;Fiorucci et al 2006;Yang and Wang 2007). As stated above, when NaHS was dissolved in saline, about one-third of H 2 S existed as undissociated gas, and the remaining two-thirds was HS − (Abe and Kimura 1996;Zhao et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Sulfide, a Gaseous Transmitter, Stimulates Proliferation of Interstitial Cells of Cajal via Phosphorylation of AKT Protein Kinase

Huang

Tong

et al. 2010

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Sulfide, a Gaseous Transmitter, Stimulates Proliferation of Interstitial Cells of Cajal via Phosphorylation of AKT Protein Kinase

Huang

Tong

et al. 2010

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…Hydrogen sulfide production ) have been reported in the range of 50-160 µmol/L in the brain (Abe and Kimura 1996;Goodwin et al 1989) and ∼50 µmol/L in the plasma (Zhao et al 2001). However, more recent measurements in plasma indicate that true H 2 S concentrations are much lower (<100 nmol/L) (Whitfield et al 2008).…”

Section: Cse and Cbs Mrna Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hydrogen sulfide signaling system: changes during aging and the benefits of caloric restriction

Predmore

Alendy

Ahmed

et al. 2010

AGE

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Hydrogen sulfide gas (H 2 S) is a putative signaling molecule that causes diverse effects in mammalian tissues including relaxation of blood vessels and regulation of perfusion in the liver, but the effects of aging on H 2 S signaling are unknown. Aging has negative impacts on the cardiovascular system. However, the liver is more resilient with age. Caloric restriction (CR) attenuates affects of age in many tissues. We hypothesized that the H 2 S signaling system is negatively affected by age in the vasculature but not in the liver, which is typically more resilient to age, and that a CR diet minimizes the age affect in the vasculature. To investigate this, we determined protein and mRNA expression of the H 2 S-producing enzymes cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), H 2 S production rates in the aorta and liver, and the contractile response of aortic rings to exogenous H 2 S. Tissue was collected from Fisher 344×Brown Norway rats from 8-38 months of age, which had been maintained on an ad libitum (AL) or CR diet. The results demonstrate that age and diet have differential effects on the H 2 S signaling system in aorta and liver. The aorta showed a sizeable effect of both age and diet, whereas the liver only showed a sizeable effect of diet. Aortic rings showed increased contractile sensitivity to H 2 S and increased protein expression of CSE and CBS with age, consistent with a decrease in H 2 S concentration with age. CR appears to benefit CSE and CBS protein in both aorta and liver, potentially by reducing oxidative stress and ameliorating the negative effect of age on H 2 S concentration. Therefore, CR may help maintain the H 2 S signaling system during aging.

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“…Concentrations of H 2 S ranging from 50 to 160 M have been reported in the brain (4), where it appears to function as a neuromodulator by potentiating the activity of the N-methyl-Daspartate receptor and by altering induction of long term potentiation in the hippocampus, important for memory and learning (5). H 2 S levels in human plasma are reported to be ϳ50 M, and in vitro studies suggest that it functions as a vasodilator by opening K ATP channels in vascular smooth muscle cells (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

H2S Biogenesis by Human Cystathionine γ-Lyase Leads to the Novel Sulfur Metabolites Lanthionine and Homolanthionine and Is Responsive to the Grade of Hyperhomocysteinemia

Chiku

Padovani

Zhu

et al. 2009

Journal of Biological Chemistry

431

441

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Although there is a growing recognition of the significance of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) as a biological signaling molecule involved in vascular and nervous system functions, its biogenesis and regulation are poorly understood. It is widely assumed that desulfhydration of cysteine is the major source of H 2 S in mammals and is catalyzed by the transsulfuration pathway enzymes, cystathionine ␤-synthase and cystathionine ␥-lyase (CSE). In this study, we demonstrate that the profligacy of human CSE results in a variety of reactions that generate H 2 S from cysteine and homocysteine. The ␥-replacement reaction, which condenses two molecules of homocysteine, yields H 2 S and a novel biomarker, homolanthionine, which has been reported in urine of homocystinuric patients, whereas a ␤-replacement reaction, which condenses two molecules of cysteine, generates lanthionine. Kinetic simulations at physiologically relevant concentrations of cysteine and homocysteine, reveal that the ␣,␤-elimination of cysteine accounts for ϳ70% of H 2 S generation. However, the relative importance of homocysteinederived H 2 S increases progressively with the grade of hyperhomocysteinemia, and under conditions of severely elevated homocysteine (200 M), the ␣,␥-elimination and ␥-replacement reactions of homocysteine together are predicted to account for ϳ90% of H 2 S generation by CSE. Excessive H 2 S production in hyperhomocysteinemia may contribute to the associated cardiovascular pathology.H 2 S is the newest member of a growing list of gaseous signaling molecules that modulate physiological functions (1-3). Concentrations of H 2 S ranging from 50 to 160 M have been reported in the brain (4), where it appears to function as a neuromodulator by potentiating the activity of the N-methyl-Daspartate receptor and by altering induction of long term potentiation in the hippocampus, important for memory and learning (5). H 2 S levels in human plasma are reported to be ϳ50 M, and in vitro studies suggest that it functions as a vasodilator by opening K ATP channels in vascular smooth muscle cells (6).A recent in vivo study has demonstrated the efficacy of H 2 S in attenuating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by protecting mitochondrial function (7). The role of H 2 S in inflammation is suggested by several studies (8 -11); however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Remarkably, H 2 S can also induce a state of suspended animation in mice by decreasing the metabolic rate and the core body temperature presumably by inhibiting cytochrome c oxidase in the respiratory chain (12).Endogenous H 2 S is presumed to be generated primarily by desulfhydration of cysteine catalyzed by the two pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) 3 -dependent enzymes in the transsulfuration pathway: cystathionine ␤-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine ␥-lyase (CSE) (13,14). In fact, it is widely assumed, based on the reported absences of CSE in the brain (15) and of H 2 S in the brain of CBS knock-out mice (16), that CBS is the primary source of H 2 S in this organ, whereas CSE plays the...

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Determination of Sulfide in Brain Tissue by Gas Dialysis/Ion Chromatography: Postmortem Studies and Two Case Reports

Cited by 289 publications

References 11 publications

Hydrogen Sulfide, a Gaseous Transmitter, Stimulates Proliferation of Interstitial Cells of Cajal via Phosphorylation of AKT Protein Kinase

Hydrogen Sulfide, a Gaseous Transmitter, Stimulates Proliferation of Interstitial Cells of Cajal via Phosphorylation of AKT Protein Kinase

The hydrogen sulfide signaling system: changes during aging and the benefits of caloric restriction

H2S Biogenesis by Human Cystathionine γ-Lyase Leads to the Novel Sulfur Metabolites Lanthionine and Homolanthionine and Is Responsive to the Grade of Hyperhomocysteinemia

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