Determination of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim and Their Metabolites in Hospital Effluent

Brenner, Carla G. B.; Mallmann, Carlos Augusto; Arsand, Daniel Ricardo; Mayer, Francieli Martins; Martins, Ayrton F.

doi:10.1002/clen.201000162

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Previous reports about the transformation of TMP also exhibit significant differences. In total, five transformation products (TPs) of TMP have been identified, resulting from hydroxylation reactions and ring opening, but the TPs were not consistent between the different studies (Brenner et al., 2011, Eichhorn et al., 2005, Yi et al., 2012). These TPs have been identified in effluent from an anaerobic reactor treating hospital wastewater, in reactors fed with synthetic wastewater or in lab-scale batch reactors, but have still not been found in municipal WWTPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the transformation of trimethoprim during biological wastewater treatment

et al. 2016

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The antibiotic trimethoprim (TMP), a micropollutant found at μg/L levels in raw wastewater, was investigated with regard to its (bio)transformation during biological wastewater treatment. A pilot-scale, nitrifying/denitrifying Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) fed with municipal wastewater was monitored for TMP removal during a 16-month monitoring study. Laboratory-scaled bioreactors spiked with TMP were applied to identify the transformation products (TPs). In total, six TPs could be identified from TMP. However, the TP formation was influenced by the spike concentration. At an initial concentration of 500 μg/L TMP, only two TPs were found, whereas at 5 μg/L a completely different transformation pathway led to four further TPs. At low concentrations, TMP was demethylated forming 4-desmethyl-TMP, which was then quickly hydroxylated, oxidized and cleaved forming 2,4-diaminopyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (DAPC) via two intermediate TPs. DAPC was detected in the SBR effluent in a 3-d composite sample with 61 ng/L, which accounts for 52% of the attenuated TMP. The primary degradation at low spiking levels was best modelled by a pseudo-first order kinetic. Considering the SBR, the model predicted a TMP removal of 88–94% for the reactor, consistent with a monitoring campaign exhibiting an average removal of >83%. Both the TP formation profiles and kinetic modelling indicated that only the results from the bioreactor tests at low spike concentrations were representative of the transformation in the SBR.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New insights into the transformation of trimethoprim during biological wastewater treatment

et al. 2016

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“…The treatment of the HUSM effluent is carried out through a simple septic tank and anaerobic filter system, after which it is discharged into a stream that flows across the campus. This treated effluent still has a very complex matrix and its direct discharge may pose a risk to the environment (Brenner et al 2010;Minetto et al 2012;Almeida et al 2013).…”

Section: Responsible Editor: Ester Heathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the psychoactive drugs carbamazepine and diazepam in hospital effluent and identification of their metabolites

Almeida

Oliveira

Mallmann

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study addresses the occurrence of carbamazepine and diazepam and their metabolites in the wastewater of the University Hospital (HUSM) of the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS-Brazil. Samples were collected from three sampling points of the sewage treatment system: point A ('emergency effluent'), point B ('general effluent') and point C ('water course-receptor'). Eight metabolites were identified: carbamazepine-10-11-epoxide, 10-dihydro-carbamazepine, 2-OH-carbamazepine, iminoquinone, acridone, nordiazepam, oxazepam and temazepam. The mean concentrations in the emergency, general effluent and water course-receptor were as follows: 433.0 ± 4.7, 349.0 ± 5.0 and 485.0 ± 5.6 ng L(-1), for carbamazepine and 550.0 ± 4.3, 441.0 ± 7.9 and 586.6 ± 9.3 ng L(-1), for diazepam, respectively. Liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QqLIT-MS) proved to be a method fit-to-purpose. The determination of carbamazepine and diazepam, and the identification of active metabolites showing environmental persistence (carbamazepine-10-11-epoxide, nordiazepam and oxazepam) revealed the need for a more effective treatment of the HUSM effluent. As far as we know, no similar study has been carried out on the wastewater of Brazilian hospitals.

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“…The investigations of the antibiotic occurrence used in medicine in the aquatic environment have been carried out mainly in the developed countries so far. More than 30 antibiotics have been identified in the sewage influent and effluent samples in the surface, ground, and drinking water samples . Besides, the worrying impact on the public health caused by the spread of bacteria resistant to the high doses of antibiotics, there is a direct influence on the aquatic organisms at very low doses and a potential toxicity via drinking water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Emerging Substances in the Danube and Potential Risk Evaluation

Letić

Milanović

Milić

et al. 2014

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Seasonal variations of caffeine and antibiotic concentrations were investigated along the selected sites of the Danube using solid-phase extraction followed by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The potential risks on the aquatic organisms were evaluated. HPLC methods for caffeine and antibiotic determination were modified and validated showing good accuracy, repeatability, selectivity, and robustness. The obtained results confirmed the presence of caffeine at four sampling points, near the wastewater discharges. The mean caffeine concentrations for summer, autumn, winter, and spring were 24.78, 26.83, 24.61, and 86.29 ng/L, respectively. The analyzed antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and tiamuline) were under the limit of detection in all tested samples taken from the Danube. The maximum risk indexes (MaxRIs) were calculated for caffeine at each sampling site. Four out of seven selected sampling sites showed sublethal effects on the aquatic organisms with 10 < MaxRI < 100 (class II), while the other three had no potential risk for aquatic organisms. The highest potential risk was calculated for the sampling site in the vicinity of one of the biggest wastewater discharges.

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Determination of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim and Their Metabolites in Hospital Effluent

Cited by 31 publications

References 37 publications

New insights into the transformation of trimethoprim during biological wastewater treatment

New insights into the transformation of trimethoprim during biological wastewater treatment

Determination of the psychoactive drugs carbamazepine and diazepam in hospital effluent and identification of their metabolites

Determination of Emerging Substances in the Danube and Potential Risk Evaluation

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