Determination of Sudan red contaminants at trace level from water samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction using Fe@NiAl-layered double hydroxide coupled with HPLC

Abstract

Background: Sudan red dyes are widely used as color additions in various fields. Due to their potential carcinogenicity and large consumption, they have absorbed much more attention and become a research hot topic. There have been a few of existing methods for their analysis from samples; however, it is of great importance to develop simple, sensitive, and low-cost analytical method for public health and safety. This article described a new method based on magnetic Fe@NiAl-layered double hydroxides for enrichment of Sudan red dyes in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The as-prepared magnetic Fe@NiAl-layered double hydroxides (Fe@NiAl-LDHs) exhibited good adsorption capacity for Sudan red dyes, and could be used as an effective adsorbent for preconcentration of three Sudan Red dyes from environmental water samples. The proposed method provided low limits of detection in the range of 0.002-0.005 μg L −1 with magnetic solid-phase extraction in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography. Conclusion: The developed method utilized the easy to prepare magnetic materials as adsorbents and conventional analytical instrument and provided high sensitivity, which provided a robust and low consumption of toxic organic solvent alternative method. The results of present study are of great value for interested laboratories to monitor the level of Sudan red dyes in water samples or develop sensitive determination methods to monitor other pollutants at trace level in environmental waters.

Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction for Determination of Dyes in Food and Water Samples

“…Cationic dyes (MG and CV) were extracted and determined using Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -Flu followed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer in Caspian seawater and wastewater, and RSD was computed to be 4.77-4.17% [88]. Fe@NiAl-LDHs (layered double hydroxide) coupled with HPLC was used for the extraction and determination of Sudan red dyes in Ming Tombs Reservoir water, Changping Park water, and Binhe Park water, with low LOD from 0.002 to 0.005 μg/L [89]. Adsorption of Congo Red and Basic Red 2 was achieved using core-shell heterostructure of 24 CoFe 2 O 4 -Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8@CoFe 2 O 4 ) followed by a UV-Visible spectrometer with a high removal efficiency of 97% [90].…”

A simple sensing platform based on a 1T@2H-MoS2/cMWCNTs composite modified electrode for ultrasensitive detection of illegal Sudan I dye in food samples

“…To date, various techniques have been used to detect Sudan I, including Liquid Chromatography (LC), 4,5 Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(LC-MS), 6,7 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), 8 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 9 fluorescence spectrometry, 10,11 etc. These methods are sensitive and accurate and can be used for high-throughput detection, but they also have complicated sample pre-treatment steps and a long analysis time, and require highly trained operators.…”

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“…The most dangerous is that these dyes may present a high toxicity level [20][21][22][23], provoking DNA mutations [24]. Moreover, they are classified as carcinogenic compounds [25], the reason why their use in food is banned in 32 countries [26]. Therefore, the development of a rapid and efficient method for their quantification is really actual [27][28][29][30].…”