Determination of Submicromolar Concentrations of Formaldehyde by Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

Dissolved formaldehyde in aqueous samples was determined at submicromolar levels by derivatization with Nash's reagent followed by liquid chromatography. The method requires little sample preparation, and the chromatogram is simple even in the presence of other aldehydes and ketones. The isocratic HPLC analysis is rapid with a low limit of detection (0.1 µM) and a precision of 1% RSD at 150 µM. The derivative is stable for at least 3 days at room temperature. Accuracy of the method was verified by intercomparison with an alternate, completely independent method, which utilizes another derivatizing agent.

Formation and Antitumor Activity of PNU-159682, A Major Metabolite of Nemorubicin in Human Liver Microsomes

“…The reaction was started by the addition of microsomes following a 3-minute preincubation at 37jC, conducted in a shaking water bath at 37jC for 10 minutes, and stopped by the addition of 0.1 mL of ice-cold ethanol. The formaldehyde formed was then determined by a modification of the method of Jones et al (21). In detail, after protein precipitation, 0.4 mL of clear supernatant was transferred into a tube containing 80 AL of freshly prepared Nash's reagent [15% (w/v) ammonium acetate, 0.3% (v/v) acetic acid, and 0.2% (v/v) 2,4-pentandione in distilled water].…”

Determination of formaldehyde in shiitake mushroom by ionic liquid-based liquid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography

“…Most methods were developed based on reaction of formaldehyde with various reagents to form colored derivatives for spectrophotometric detection. In recent years, chromatographic methods including GC [6,7] and HPLC [9][10][11] have been the most frequently reported one for the determination of formaldehyde. The most commonly used sample preparation procedure for chromatographic determination of formaldehyde is based on its reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) to form the corresponding hydrazone (DNPHo), which is extracted by liquid-liquid extraction [12], solid-phase extraction [11] or solid-phase microextraction [7,8].…”

Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence Determination of Formaldehyde with a Bromate-Rhodamine 6G System

“…Other sources include cosmetic products, tobacco smoke, ozone generators, carpeting, special clothes and fire place exhaust. 1 Formaldehyde is also a biological consequence of lipid peroxidation following oxidative stress both physiologically and chemically induced. 2 At a concentration slightly greater than 100 ppbv in ambient air, formaldehyde can cause watery eyes, itching skin, burning sensations in mucous membranes (eyes), nausea, difficulty to breath, and so on.…”

“…3 Formaldehyde is also a probable human carcinogen according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1 It is obvious that formaldehyde is one of the most important air pollutants. The levels of outgassed formaldehyde need to be checked regularly in order to maintain safe levels.…”

“…There are various available methods for the determination of formaldehyde, including gas chromatography, 1,4 highperformance liquid chromatography, [5][6][7] polarography, 8 amperometry, 9 conductometry, 10 mass spectrometry, 11 fluorometry 12,13 and spectrophotometry. [14][15][16][17] Most methods for the detection formaldehyde require a chemical reaction of formaldehyde with various reagents to form colored derivatives, which can be observed spectrophotometrically.…”