Determination of Structural Dip and Azimuth from LWD Azimuthal Propagation Resistivity Measurements in Anisotropic Formations

Abstract

With the use of both azimuthal propagation resistivity main and cross component data, the resistivity anisotropy and its dip and azimuth angles of a massive formation (anisotropic shale or laminated sand) can be determined. The accuracy of the determined parameters depends on the amount of available data. A minimum amount of data are two frequency main components and real and quadrature cross components. The boundary effects will distort the solution eventually; however, the anisotropy enhanced processing will minimize the effects to extend the algorithm to a certain distance away from a boundary.

New Software for Processing of LWD Extra-Deep and Azimuthal Resistivity Data

“…As shown in Fig. The tool operates on 400 kHz and 2 MHz frequencies, measuring the phase difference and attenuation for ZZ signals, and the real and imaginary part of induced voltage for ZX signals (Fang et al, 2008). To address the demand for azimuthal sensitivity, the service companies recently introduced a new generation of azimuthal resitivity tools which employed tilted or orthogonal coils to measure cross-component signals.…”

Boundary detection capability and influencing factors of electromagnetic resistivity while using drilling tools in a horizontal well

“…One type of electromagnetic boundary detection logging tool, Schlumberger's Periscope and Geosphere, uses a tilted antenna (Li et al, 2005;Omeragic et al, 2006;Antonsen et al, 2014;Seydoux et al, 2014;Zhu et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2022). The other type, by AziTrak and ViziTrak of Baker Hughes, uses an orthogonal antenna (Bell et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2007;Fang et al, 2008;Rabinovich et al, 2011). According to the detection range, EM boundary detection LWD tools can be divided into the azimuthal electromagnetic resistivity LWD tool (Hawkins et al, 2015) and the ultra-deep azimuthal electromagnetic resistivity LWD detection logging tool (Wu et al, 2019;Nemushchenko et al, 2022;Zhu et al, 2022).…”

Forward Modeling and Inversion of LWD Induction Data

“…Современные программные комплексы численной интерпретации данных электрокаротажа, разработанные в ведущих нефтяных и сервисных компаниях, в разной степени реализуют указанные особенности современной постановки обратной задачи электрокаротажа [Rabinovich et al, 2000[Rabinovich et al, , 2012Anderson et al, 2002;Seydoux et al, 2003;Helgesen et al, 2005;Borghi et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2007;Fang et al, 2008;Sviridov et al, 2014]. Как правило, интерпретация проводится в несколько этапов.…”