Determination of standard molar Gibbs free energy of formation of Bi2O3 over a wide temperature range by EMF method

Measurement of the Standard Free Energy Change of Chemical Reactions by the Chemical Equilibration Technique Using a Thermogravimetric Apparatus: A Novel Approach

“…Gas mixture is passed through silica gel moisture trap to get rid of the moisture. For PbCO 3 , three different values of p CO2 were considered: 0.4 atm, 0.5 atm, and 0.75 atm. These partial pressures were established by mixing CO 2 and Ar (p CO2+ p Ar =1 atm) in the ratio 2:3 (for p CO2 = 0.4 atm), 1:1 (for p CO2 = 0.5 atm), and 3:1 (for p CO2 = 0.75 atm).…”

“…However, it is not much heard of that a thermogravimetric analyzer has ever been used for any thermodynamic measurements. In the last decades, researchers used different approach like thermo barometry, EMF, and calorimetry methods for the determination of thermodynamic data [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Berman [1] used thermo barometry techniques to measure the thermodynamic data of minerals [1].…”

Electrochemical study on determination of diffusivity, activity and solubility of oxygen in liquid bismuth

“…As the junction between Kanthal and iridium was always present in the constant temperature zone of the furnace, the thermo-emf due to (Kanthal + iridium) couple would not contribute to the cell output. Other details regarding the construction of the emf cell and experimental assembly is described elsewhere [6,7]. A very low flow rate of high purity argon gas after passing it through a purification train was maintained over the sample electrode.…”

“…The nature and extent of formation of the oxide layer on the structural steels would depend on thermo chemistry of oxygen in the coolant in addition to the nature of processes on the steel-coolant interface. As part of our studies [6][7][8] on the chemical behaviour oxygen in lead, bismuth and LBE, diffusivity, activity and solubility of oxygen in liquid bismuth have been measured by electrochemical methods and are described in this work.…”

Solubility and Activity of Oxygen in Pb–Bi Melts

“…Oxygen content, C O /mass ppm The ÁG f (PbO) and ÁG f (Bi 2 O 3 ) of this study agreed very well with those of other investigators. 3,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Equations (8) and (9) show the relation between logarithms of partial pressure of oxygen and reciprocal temperature for cell [III].…”