Determination of soman and VX degradation products by an aspiration ion mobility spectrometry

Ion mobility spectrometry of talarozole, a new azole drug, in cleaning quality control

“…The main applications of early IMS instruments were the detection of illegal drugs [15,24,34], explosives [8,30] and chemical warfare agents [28,31]. Since the first applications of IMS for the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds [6,18], it is used for the rapid qualitative separation, identification and quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in drug products [9,16].…”

Generation of current pulses in collector electrode of IMS detectors

“…This technology was developed nearly 40 years ago [1]. Since that time, alternative constructions such as aspiration spectrometers [2] and devices with high electric field [3,4] have been studied and used in commercial instruments. However, due to their advantages, classic IMS detectors are still successfully used in practice.…”

Use of self-assembled monolayers, metal ions and smectic liquid crystals to detect organophosphonates

“…Examples of these techniques include surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices [4][5][6][7][8][9], electrical resistivity methods [10][11][12][13], quartz crystal microbalances (QCM) [14,15], enzyme-based detection kits [2], and fluorescence detection [16]. Traditional analytical techniques, such as ion mobility spectroscopy [17], Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) [18,19], and gas chromatography (GC)-mass chromatography [20,21] have also been used for the detection of OPs. Although these schemes all provide possible routes to detect OPs in the parts-per-million (ppm) range or lower, most surface-based techniques suffer from low selectivity, low sensitivity, lack of reversibility and/or slow response.…”

“…We recently demonstrated that micrometer-thick films of the nematic LC, 4 -pentyl-4-biphenyl-carbonitrile (5CB), supported on nanostructured surfaces decorated with metal ions can be used to detect OPs [22]. The approach is based on four principles: (1) mesogens (molecules that form LC phases) at interfaces can communicate their orientations deep into the bulk of a liquid crystal (up to ∼100 m Table 1 Detection limits and response times of surface analytical and conventional analytical techniques for detection of organophosphonates Method Vapor sensitivity Response time SAW devices [4][5][6][7][8][9] DMMP-200-1000 ppbv 5-20 min Electrical resistivity [10][11][12][13] DMMP-44 ppbv 1 min QCM [14,15] DMMP-100 ppbv 5-20 min Enzyme-based kit (M256A1) [2] G agents-0.09 ppbv 15 min Fluorescent detection [16] DFP * -10 ppmv <30 s FT-IR [18,19] DMMP-1000 ppbv N/A GC-MS [20,21] Sarin-0.01-1 ppbv N/A Ion mobility spectrometry [17] Sarin-20 ppbv < 1 min Nematic liquid crystals [22] DMMP-20 ppbv 20 s * * Smectic liquid crystals DMMP-10 ppbv 20 s * * * Diisopropyl fluorophosphates. * * The response time is defined as the time at which a change in optical appearance of a LC film can be observed by the naked eye.…”