Determination of skin penetration profiles by confocal Raman microspectroscopy: Evaluation of interindividual variability and interlab comparability

Binder, Lisa; Valenta, Claudia; Lunter, Dominique Jasmin

doi:10.1002/jrs.5871

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…However, procaine signals deeper in the skin of nearly 8–9 µm can still be found with the effect of adding L23 in formulations. This is in line with our previous studies [ 6 , 32 ]. Higher procaine signals were observed at the upper layer of the skin (within 4 µm).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

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In-Line and Off-Line Monitoring of Skin Penetration Profiles Using Confocal Raman Spectroscopy

2021

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Ex-vivo and in-vivo skin analysis has been extensively evaluated by confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS). The off-line measurement with a CRS-suited skin-mounted device after Franz-cell incubations is the most popular choice. However, real-time monitoring of in-line measurement has clear advantages for obtaining dynamic and more timely results. In our study, a custom-built setup suitable for in-line measurements was implemented, which ensures constant skin incubation and in-situ skin detections. We aim to compare the differences between using in-line and off-line devices for monitoring skin drug penetrations. A well-assessed formulation gel with procaine-HCl as the active ingredient was used as reference. The PEG-23 lauryl ether was added to the formulation as a penetration enhancer to evaluate the enhancement effects of procaine on skin. After incubation times of 14, 20, and 24 h, skin penetration profiles were assessed. Comparable results between off-line and in-line measurements were obtained. Remarkable improvements in penetrated procaine amount and depth were observed. Based on the significant differences of their enhanced penetration amounts, fairly similar estimations were achieved from both methods. A slight difference of 14 h incubation between these two setups can still be found, which may be due to the different detection conditions and affected skin properties. Overall, in-line measurements could provide a more time- and labor-saving alternative for off-line measurements in ex-vivo study.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…As the skin samples from one donor allow for a limited number of measurements, two different donors were used in respective in-line and off-line studies, which may also lead to differences. Different donors may respond differently to the penetration enhancer [ 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Line and Off-Line Monitoring of Skin Penetration Profiles Using Confocal Raman Spectroscopy

2021

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“…Different algorithms in analysis of Raman spectra are proposed by many scientific groups worldwide to determine the penetration depth of topically applied formulations into the skin [70,[86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96]. These algorithms can be efficiently used to determine penetration profiles into the SC in vivo and ex vivo.…”

Section: Secondary and Tertiary Structure Of Keratinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Views on Noninvasive in vivo Determination of Physiological Parameters of the Stratum Corneum Using Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy

Darvin

Schleusener

Lademann

et al. 2022

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Confocal Raman microspectroscopy is widely used in dermatology and cosmetology for analysis of the concentration of skin components (lipids, natural moisturizing factor molecules, water) and the penetration depth of cosmetic/medical formulations in the human stratum corneum (SC) in vivo. In recent years, it was shown that confocal Raman microspectroscopy can also be used for non-invasive in vivo depth-dependent determination of the physiological parameters of the SC, such as lamellar and lateral organization of intercellular lipids, folding properties of keratin, water mobility and hydrogen bonding states. The results showed that the strongest skin barrier function, which is primarily manifested by the orthorhombic organization of intercellular lipids, is provided at ≈20–40% SC depth, which is related to the maximal bonding state of water with surrounding components in the SC. The secondary and tertiary structures of keratin determine water binding in the SC, which is depth-dependent. This paper shows the technical possibility and advantage of confocal Raman microspectroscopy in non-invasive investigation of the skin and summarizes recent results on in vivo investigation of the human SC.

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“…Recently, penetration studies performed in parallel with a common multi-purpose confocal Raman spectroscope by WiTec (alpha 500) and the River Diagnostics device (gen2 SCA) were found to deliver comparable outcomes. 127 Binder et al obtained similar enhancement ratios for procaine HCl when using polyoxyethylene23-lauryl ether to promote skin penetration. This is promising considering that instruments of two different suppliers were used in different laboratories, working with different objectives, pinholes and laser wavelengths.…”

Section: Skin Penetration Studiesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Novel aspects of Raman spectroscopy in skin research

Lunter

Klang

Kocsis

et al. 2022

Experimental Dermatology

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The analytical technology of Raman spectroscopy has an almost 100‐year history. During this period, many modifications and developments happened in the method like discovery of laser, improvements in optical elements and sensitivity of spectrometer and also more advanced light detection systems. Many types of the innovative techniques appeared (e.g. Transmittance Raman spectroscopy, Coherent Raman Scattering microscopy, Surface‐Enhanced Raman scattering and Confocal Raman spectroscopy/microscopy). This review article gives a short description about these different Raman techniques and their possible applications. Then, a short statistical part is coming about the appearance of Raman spectroscopy in the scientific literature from the beginnings to these days. The third part of the paper shows the main application options of the technique (especially confocal Raman spectroscopy) in skin research, including skin composition analysis, drug penetration monitoring and analysis, diagnostic utilizations in dermatology and cosmeto‐scientific applications. At the end, the possible role of artificial intelligence in Raman data analysis and the regulatory aspect of these techniques in dermatology are briefly summarized. For the future of Raman Spectroscopy, increasing clinical relevance and in vivo applications can be predicted with spreading of non‐destructive methods and appearance with the most advanced instruments with rapid analysis time.

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Determination of skin penetration profiles by confocal Raman microspectroscopy: Evaluation of interindividual variability and interlab comparability

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

In-Line and Off-Line Monitoring of Skin Penetration Profiles Using Confocal Raman Spectroscopy

In-Line and Off-Line Monitoring of Skin Penetration Profiles Using Confocal Raman Spectroscopy

Current Views on Noninvasive in vivo Determination of Physiological Parameters of the Stratum Corneum Using Confocal Raman Microspectroscopy

Novel aspects of Raman spectroscopy in skin research

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